THE 



PRACTICAL MONITOR, 



CONTAINING THE 



MONITORIAL INSTRUCTIONS USED IN THE DEGREES 

OF 

ENTERED APPRENTICE, EELLOW CRAET, AND 
MASTER MASON, 

WITH A 

COMPEND OF MASONIC LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE, 

ALL IN A 

Concise and Convenient Form for Beady Eeference, 



' WOT 



MJ WOLCOTT REDDING. 



NEW YOEK 

REDDING & CO. 

73 1 Broadway 

1876. 



^ 

v ^ 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879^ 

Bv M. Wolcott Redding, 

Jn the OfSce of the Librarian of Congress, at Wasbingto®. 



PKEFACE, 



To officers and members who desire to 
have a practical manual, in which the 
monitorial pertaining to the first three 
degrees is contained unencumbered with 
matter not practiced with the work, this 
Monitor will commend itself, as every- 
thing not used in connection with the 
work and lectures is excluded, while the 
monitorial that is practiced is arranged in 
the exact order in which it occurs in the 
ritual ; thus rendering the information 
on any point readily accessible. 

The Author. 



CONTENTS 



Entered Apprentice. 

Proposal of candidate 7 

Interrogation of candidate 9 

Prayer at initiation 10 

Scripture reading 10 

Bringing to light 11 

The Lambskin, or white leather apron 12 

Presentation of the working-tools 13 

Changing and Redeeming 14 

Badge of a Mason — The Lamb has in all ages, 

etc 15 

Manner of constituting, and proper authority 
for holding a Lodge ; its Form, Support, 
Covering, Furniture, Ornaments, Lights, and 

Jewels 16 

Dedication of Lodges 22 

The tenets of a Freemason's profession — 

Brotherly Love, Relief, and Truth 24 

The four cardinal virtues, Fortitude, Prudence, 

Temperance, and Justice 26 

How entered aprentices served their masters. . 29 

Charge to the candidate 30 



11 CONTENTS. 

Fellow Craft. 

Scripture reading — "Thus he shewed me," etc. 34 
Presentation of the working-tools — plumb, 

square, and level 34 

Operative and speculative masonry 37 

The Jewish sabbath, etc 38 

The globes, their use 39 

Order in architecture, — of its antiquity 40 

The five orders — The Tuscan, the Doric, etc . . 41 

The orders of architecture revered by Masons. 46 
The five senses of human nature — Hearing, 

seeing, etc 47 

The seven liberal arts and sciences — Grammar, 

rhetoric, etc 53 

The symbols — Peace, unity, and plenty 59 

The moral advantages of geometry 59 

Charge to the candidate 62 

Master Mason. 

Scripture reading 65 

Presentation of the working-tools 66 

Prayer at raising a brother 68 

Particulars relative to the building of K. S. 
Temple, where located, how supported, num- 
ber of men employed in building it, etc 70 

The three steps 71 

The pot of incense, the bee -hive, the book of 

constitutions, etc 72 

The third and last class of emblems 78 

Charge to the candidate 78 

Symbolism of the three degrees 81-2-3 

Burial service 87 



CONTENTS. 11] 

Compend of Masonic Law and Jurispru- 
dence. 

General Powers of Grand Lodge Ill 

Representation in Grand Lodge 112 

Proxies 112 

Quorum in Grand Lodge 113 

Dispensations 114 

Charter, surrender of 117 

Charter, restoration of 117 

Property of extinct lodges 115, 118 

Jurisdiction Concurrent — Territorial and pe- 
nal 119-120 

Over- entered Apprentices 120 

Petitioners, number of, for a dispensation or 

charter 120 

Before initiation 121 

Quorum in subordinate lodge, etc 122 

Eligibility to office 123 

Voting 123 

Elections 124 

Majority necessary 125 

Installed, must be 125 

Who may instaU 126 

Tenure of office 126 

Resign, cannot 127 

Who presides : 127 

Authority of Master 128 

Appeals from decisions of Master. 129 

Vacancies in office 130 

Calling off 131 

Special meetings 131 

By-laws, suspension of 132 

Qualifications, requisite. . . .» 132 



IV CONTENTS. 

Petitions for the degrees 134 

Ballot 135 

Who can ballot 138 

Residence 140 

Previous notice 140 

Time between degrees 141 

Proficiency 142 

Objections 142 

Rejected applicants 144 

How many may be made at one meeting 145 

Membership 146 

Dimitting 147 

Removal 148 

Non-affiliated Masons 149 

Visiting, right of 149 

Examination of visitors 150 

Offences, Masonic 151 

Dues, payment of 152 

Trials, Masonic 152 

Service of notice 154 

Testimony 156 

Judgment , 156 

Appeal 157 

Penalties — Fines, Reprimand, Suspension, Ex- 
pulsion 159, 160, 161, 162 

Miscellaneous. 

Emergencies 165 

Business 166 

Clandestine Lodges 167 

Irregular work 167 

Charter, presence of, in the Lodge 167 

Ritual, abridgment of 168 



CONTENTS. > 

Processions 168, 169 

Lodge Records 17i 

G. L. Certificates 172 

Degree of Past Masters 173 

Conferring Degrees 1 73 

Widows and orphans of Masons J 74 

Itinerant lecturers 175 

Summons 175 

Affirmation — Seal — Reconsidering 176 

From New York Masonic Code. 

Intemperance, relative to 177 

Due proficiency 178 

Non- affiliated Masons 178 

Work and lectures 179 

Affiliation 182 

Information, lawful Masonic • 182 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 



ENTERED APPKEOTICE. 

PROPOSAL AND ADMISSION OF CANDIDATES. 

A candidate f or the mysteries of Mason- 
ry cannot be initiated in any regular lodge 
■rithout having stood proposed one regular 
meeting, unless a dispensation be obtained 
in his favor. All applications for initia- 
tion should be made in writing, giving 
name, residence, age, occupation, and ref* 
erences. 

FORM OF APPLICATION. 



To the W. Master, Wardens and Brethren of 

Lodge, No. , of Free and Accepted Masons. 

The subscriber, residing in , of lawful age, 

and by occupation a , begs leave to state. 

that, unbiassed by friends, and uninfluenced by mer- 
cenary motives, he freely and voluntarily offers 



8 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

himself as a candidate for the mysteries of Mason 
ry, and that he is prompted to solicit this privilege 
by a favorable opinion conceived of the institutiox; , 
a desire of knowledge, and a sincere wish of bein^ 
serviceable to his fellow-creatnres. Should his 
petition be granted, he will cheerfully conform to 
all the ancient established usages and customs of 
the Fraternity. 

[Signed] A. B. 

The following recommendation must be signed 
by two members of the lodge to which the applica- 
tion is made : 

This may Certify, That we, the subscribers, 

are personally acquainted with Mr. ; and, 

from a confidence in his integrity, and the upright- 
ness of his intention, do cheerfully recommend and 
propose him as a proper candidate for the mysteries 
of Masonry. 

Recommended by A. B. 

Avouched for by C. D. 

After the petition has been read in open 
lodge, it is placed on file. A committee 
is then appointed to investigate the char- 
acter and qualifications of the petitioner. 
If, at the next regular meeting of the 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 9 

lodge, the report of the committee be fa- 
vorable, and the candidate is elected, he 
is required to give his free and full assent 
to the following interrogatories : 

1. "Do you seriously declare, upon your honor, 
before these gentlemen, tha,t, unbiassed by friends, 
and uninfluenced by mercenary motives, you freely 
and voluntarily offer yourself a candidate for the 
mysteries of Masonry ? 

2. "Do you seriously declare, upon your honor, 
before these gentlemen, that you are prompted to 
solicit the privileges of Masonry by a favorable 
opinion conceived of the institution, a desire of 
knowledge, and a sincere wish of being serviceable 
to your fellow-creatures ? 

3. "Do you seriously declare, upon your honor, 
before these gentlemen, that you will cheerfully 
conform to all the ancient established usages and 
customs of the Fraternity ? " 

After which, if no objections are urged 
to the contrary, the candidate is intro- 
duced in due and ancient form. 



10 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

MONITORIAL PERTAINING TO THE FIRS1 
DEGREE. 

SECTION I. 

PRAYER AT INITIATION. 

Vouchsafe thine aid, Almighty Father 
of the Universe, to this our present con- 
vention ; and grant that this candidate for 
Masonry may dedicate and devote his life 
to thy service, and become a true and 
faithful brother among us. Endue him 
with a competency of thy Divine Wisdom, 
that, by the influence of the pure princi- 
ples of our Order, he may be the better 
enabled to display the beauties of holiness, 
to the honor of thy holy name. Amen. 

Response — So mote it be ! 

SCRIPTURE READING. 

" Behold ! how good and how pleasant it 
is for brethren to dwell together in unity ; 

" It is like the precious ointment upon 
the head, that ran down upon the beard, 



SectioD I. 




Section II. 




ENTERED APPRENTICE. 11 

even Aaron's beard, that went down to 
the skirts of his garment : 

" As the dew of Hermon, and as the 
dew that descended upon the mountains 
of Zion : for there the Lord commanded 
the blessing, even life for evermore." 

(Or an Ode may be sung, for which 
see Appendix.) 

BRINGING TO LIGHT. 

W. M. In the beginning God created 
the Heaven and the Earth. And the 
Earth was without form and void ; and 
darkness was upon the face of the deep, 
and the Spirit of God moved upon the 
face of the waters. And God said, Let 
there be light, and there was light. 

In humble commemoration of that great 
and august event, I now say. * * * * 

THE THREE GREAT LTS. 

The three great Its. in Mnry. are the 
Holy Bible, Square, and Compasses. 



12 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

The Holy Bible is given us as the rule 
and guide of our faith and practice ; the 
Square to square our actions ; and the 
Compasses to circumscribe our desires, 
and keep our passions in due bounds with 
all mankind — especially with the Breth- 
ren. 

THE THREE LSR. LTS. ARE the Su-., Mil. 

and Ms of the fPpj, and are thus xpln— 
As th Su-. rls. th d'y, an' th Mn. gvs. th 
nt. ? so shd. th W. M. wth. eql. rglrt. rl. 
an' gv. th jPp|. 

PRESENTATION OF THE LAMBSKIN, OR WHITE 
LEATHER APRON. 

It is an emblem of innocence, and the 
badge of a Mason ; more ancient than the 
Golden Fleece or .Roman Eagle ; more 
honorable than the Star and Garter, or 
any other order that can be conferred 
upon you at this or any future period, 
by king, prince, potentate, or any other 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 13 

person, except he be a Mason. Ca' it 
t. th. Sw. i th. W. wh-. wl th. u hw. 
t. wr i-t a 5 an Ep. It is hoped u 
will wear it with pleasure t ys'l and 
honor to the fraternity. 

PRESENTATION OF THE WORKING-TOOLS OE 
AN ENTERED APPRENTICE. 

The twenty -four-inch gauge is an instru- 
ment made use of by operative masons to 
measure and lay out their work ; but we, 
as Free and Accepted Masons, are taught 
to make use of it for the more noble and 
glorious purpose of dividing our time. 
It being divided into twenty-four equal 
parts is emblematical of the twenty-four 
hours of the day, which we are taught 
to divide into three equal parts ; whereby 
are found eight hours for the service of 
God and a distressed worthy brother; 
eight for our usual vocations ; and eight 
for refreshment and sleep. 



11 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

The common gavel is an instrument 
made use of by operative masons to break 
off the corners of rough stones, the better 
to fit them for the builder's use ; but we, 
as Free and Accepted Masons, are taught 
to make use of it for the more noble and 
glorious purpose of divesting our hearts 
and consciences of all the vices and super- 
fluities of life ; thereby fitting our minds, 
as living stones, for that spiritual building 
— that house not made with hands eternal 
in the heavens. 

SECTION II. 
THIS SECTION RATIONALLY ACCOUNTS FOR 
THE FORMS AND CEREMONIES OF INI- 
TIATION. 

CHANGING AND REDEEMING. 

We read in the Book of Ruth, concern- 
ing the manner of changing and redeem- 
ing, that to confirm all things, a man 
plucked off his shoe and gave it to his 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 15 

neighbor ; and that was testimony iu 
Israel. * * * * * 

The right has in all ages been deemed 
the seat of fidelity ; the ancients worship- 
ped a Deity named fides, sometimes rep- 
resented by two right hands joined; at 
others, by two human figures holding 
each other by the right hand. 

The right, therefore, w-e. us' i ths. grt. 
an' impt. undtkg. tstfng. * * * * * 

the badge of a mason. — See second sec- 
tion of the Lecture. 
The Lamb has, in all ages, been deemed 
an emblem of innocence ; he, therefore, 
who wears the lambskin or white leather 
apron as the badge of a Mason, is continu- 
ally reminded of that purity of life and 
rectitude of conduct, which is so essential- 
ly necessary to his gaining admission into 
the Celestial Lodge above, where the Su- 
preme Architect of the Universe presides. 



16 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

SECTION III. 
This section fully explains the manner of con 
stituting, and the proper authority for holding a 
lodge. Here, also, we learn where lodges were 
anciently held ; their form, support, covering, fur- 
niture, ornaments, lights, and jewels ; how situated, 
and to whom dedicated, as well in former times as 
at present. 

f A certain number of Free Masons duly 
assembled, furnished with the Holy 
Bible, square, and compasses, together 
with a charter or dispensation* from some 
grand Body of competent jurisdiction, em- 
powering them to work, constitute a jPflj. 
Our ancient brethren held their lodges 
on high hills and in lw. vis. * * * * 

Lodge meetings, at the present day, are 
usually held in upper chambers — proba- 
bly for the better security which such 
places afford. The custom might have 
had its origin in a practice observed 

* In some Jurisdictions warrant. • 
t See Appendix. 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 17 

by the ancient Jews, of building then 
temples, schools, and synagogues on high 
hills — a practice which seems to have met 
the approbation of the Almighty, who 
said unto the prophet Ezekiel, " Upor 
the top of the mountain, the whole limit 
thereof, round about shall be most holy." 

EORM OF THE JPp. 

Its form is an ob sq. In length, from 
east to west, in breadth, between north 
and south. As high as the heavens and 
as deep as from the surface to the centre. 
A Lodge is said to be thus extensive to 
denote the universality of Free Masonry, 
and teach us that a Mason's charity should 
be equally extensive. 

SUPPORTS. 

A Lodge is metaphorically supported 
by three great pillars, or columns which 
are denominated Wisdom, Strength, and 
Beauty ; because there should be wisdom 



18 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

to contrive, strength to support, and heau* 
ty to adorn all great and important under- 
takings. The universe is the temple of 
the Deity whom we serve : Wisdom, 
Strength, and Beauty are about His 
throne as pillars of His work; for His 
wisdom is infinite, His strength is omni- 
potent and His beauty shines forth 
through all His creation in symmetry and 
order. 

These pillars also represent the three 
prncpl. of cs of the flft *''*■• * 

THE COVERING OF THE LODGE. 

Its covering* is no less than the clouded 
canopy, or starry-decked heaven, where 
all good Masons hope at last to arrive, by 
the aid of that theological ladder which 
Jacob in his vision saw extending from 
earth to heaven ; the three principal 
rounds of which are denominated Faith, 
Hope, and Charity; which admonish us 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 19 

to have faith in God, hope in immortality, 
and charity to all mankind. The great- 
est of these is Charity; for our faith 
may be lost in sight ; hope ends in frui- 
tion; but charity extends beyond the 
grave, through the boundless realms of 
eternity. 

THE FURNITURE OF THE LODGE. 

Consists of the Holy Bible, Square 
and Compasses. 

The Bible is dedicated to the service of 
God, because it is the inestimable gift of 
God to man, an' o-n. i- we obgt ou' nwly 
md Bn. ; the Square to the Master, because 
it is the proper Masonic emblem of his 
office ; and the Compasses to the craft, be- 
cause, by a due attention to their use, they 
are taught to circumscribe their desires, 
and keep their passions within due bounds. 

ORNAMENTS. 

The ornaments of a lodge are the Mo- 



20 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

saic Pave?nent, the Indented Teasel, 07 
tesselated border, and the Blazing Star. 
The Mosaic Pavement is a representa* 
tion of the ground floor of King Solo- 
mon's Temple ; the Indented Tessel, of 
that beautiful tesselated border or skirting 
which surrounded it. The Mosaic Pave- 
ment is emblematical of human life, 
checkered with good and evil ; the In- 
dented Tessel, or tesselated border, of the 
manifold blessings and comforts which 
constantly surround us, and which we 
hope to enjoy by a firm reliance on Di- 
vine Providence, which is hieroglyphically 
represented by the Blazing Star in the 
centre. 

LIGHTS. 

A JPp| has three symbolic lights situated 
E. W. and S. — thr is none in th N". be- 
cause K. S. T. was situated so far north of 
the Ecliptic, &c. 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 21 

JEWELS. 

A. Jjp has six jewels — three movable 
and three immovable. 

The immovable jewels are the Square, 
the Level, and the Plumb* The Square 
inculcates morality; the Level equality; 
and the Plumb rectitude of conduct. 

The movable jewels are the Sough 
Ashlar, the Perfect Ashlar, and the Tres- 
tle-Board. 

The Rough Ashlar is a stone, as taken 
from the quarry in its rude and natural 
state ; the Perfect Ashlar is a stone made 
ready by the hands of the workmen, to be 
adjusted by the working tools of a Fellow 
Craft ; and the Trestle-Board is for the 
Master workman to draw his designs upon. 

By the Rough Ashlar we are reminded 
of our rude and imperfect state by na- 

* In England, and in some jurisdictions in this country, the 
immovable jewels are the Rough Ashlar, Perfect Ashlar, an<i 
Trestle-Board. 



22 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

ture ; by the Perfect Ashlar ', of that state 
of perfection at which we hope to arrive 
by a virtuous education, our own endeav- 
ors, and the blessing of Deity. And as 
the operative workman erects his temporal 
building in accordance with the designs 
laid down upon the Trestle-Board by the 
Master workman, so should we, both 
operative and speculative, endeavor to 
erect our spiritual building in accordance 
with the designs laid down by the Supreme 
Architect of the universe, in the great book 
of nature and revelation, which is our spir- 
itual, moral, and masonic trestle-board. 

SITUATION* OF THE f^. 

The Lodge is situated due east and west, 
because K. S. T. was so situated. 

DEDICATION. 

Lodges were anciently dedicated to King 
Solomon, as he was our first Most Ex- 



MOVABLE* 



m f ' I 1TT 



V 



V 




pttfOiMUC; 




^]^^^, 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 28 

cellent Grand Master ; but Masons pro- 
fessing Christianity, dedicate theirs to 
St. John the Baptist and St. John 
the Evangelist, who were two eminent 
patrons of Masonry ; and, since their time, 
there is represented, in every regular and 
well-governed lodge, a certain point with- 
in a circle: — the point representing an 
individual brother ; the circle, the boun- 
dary-line of his conduct to God and man, 
beyond which he is never to suffer his 
passions, prejudices, or interest to betray 
'him, on any occasion. This circle is em- 
bordered by two perpendicular parallel 
lines, representing those saints, who were 
perfect parallels in Christianity, as well 
as in Masonry ; and upon the vertex rest? 
the Holy Scriptures, which point out the 
whole duty of man. In going around this 
Krcle we necessarily touch upon these two 
lines as well as upon the Holy Scriptures ; 
and while a Mason keeps himself thus 



24 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

circumscribed, it is impossible that he 
should materiaiy err. 

TENETS. 

The principal tenets of our profession 
are threefold, including the inculcation 
and practice of those truly commendable 
virtues, Brotherly Love, Belief, and 
Truth. 

BROTHERLY LOYE. 

By the exercise of Brotherly Love, we 
are taught to regard the whole human 
species as one family — the high, the low, 
the rich, the poor — who, as created by 
one Almighty Parent, and inhabitants of 
the same planet, are to aid, support, and 
protect each other. On this principle, 
Masonry unites men of every country, 
sect, and opinion, and conciliates true 
friendship among those who might other- 
wise have remained at a perpetual di&- 
taiice. 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 25 

RELIEF. 

To relieve the distressed, is a duty in- 
cumbent on all men, but particularly on 
Masons, who are linked together by an 
indissoluble chain of sincere affection. 
To soothe the unhappy; to sympathize 
with their misfortunes ; to compassionate 
their miseries, and to restore peace to theii 
troubled minds, is the great aim we have 
in view. On this basis, we form our 
friendships and establish our connections. 

TRUTH. 

Truth is a divine attribute, and the 
foundation of every virtue. To be good 
and true, is the first lesson we are taught 
in Masonry. On this theme we contem- 
plate, and by its dictates endeavor to regu- 
late our conduct. Hence, while influ- 
enced by this principle, hypocrisy and 
deceit are unknown among us; sincerity 
and plain dealing distinguish us; and 



26 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

the heart and the tongue join in promot- 
ing each other's welfare, and rejoicing 
in each other's prosperity. 



THE PEFC PNTS O' ENTRC. 

FORTITUDE. 

Fortitude is that noble and steady pur- 
pose of the mind, whereby we are enabled 
to undergo any pain, peril, or danger, 
when prudentially deemed expedient. 
This virtue is equally distant from rash- 
ness or cowardice ; and should be deeply 
impressed upon the mind of every Mason, 
as a safeguard or security against any il- 
legal attack that may be made, by force 
or otherwise, to extort from him any of 
those valuable secrets with which he has 
been so solemnly intrusted, and which 
was emblematically represented upon 
his first admission into the lodge. — Whr 
u wr * * * * * 





B. L. 






ENTERED APPRENTICE. 27 

PRUDENCE. 

Prudence teaches us to regulate our 
lives and actions agreeably to the dictates 
of reason, and is that habit by which we 
wisely judge, and prudentially determine, 
on all things relative to our present as 
well as to our future happiness. This 
virtue should be the peculiar charac- 
teristic of every Mason, not only for the 
government of his conduct while in the 
lodge, but also when abroad in the world. 
It should be particularly attended to, in 
all strange and mixed companies, never 
to let fall the least sign, token, or word, 
whereby the secrets of Masonry might be 
unlawfully obtained. — evr brng in rm- 

TEMPERANCE. 

Temperance is that due restraint upon 
our affections and passions which renders 



28 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

the body tame and governable, and frees 
the mind from the allurements of vice. 
This virtue should be the constant prac- 
tice of every Mason; as he is thereby 
taught to avoid excess, or contracting any 
licentious or vicious habit, the indulgence 
of which might lead him to disclose some 
of those valuable secrets which he had 
promised to conceal and never reveal,, 
and which would consequently subject 
him to the contempt and detestation of 
all good Masons. — if nt to th * * * * * 

JUSTICE. 

Justice is that standard, or boundary 
of right, which enables us to render to 
every man his just due, without distinc- 
tion. This virtue is not only consistent 
with divine and human laws, but is the 
very cement and support of civil society ; 
and as justice, in a great measure, consti- 
tutes the really good man, so should it be 



ENTERED APPKENTICE. 29 

the invariable practice of every Mason, 
never to deviate from the minutest prin- 
ciples thereof. — evr rmmbrng tht whn 

EP SRVD THE MSTS WTH FRDM FKC. AND ZL. 

Whch are represented by 

vv w w w 

Our mother Earth, for it is that alone, 
of all the elements, which has never 
proved unfriendly to man : the bodies 
of water deluge him with rain, oppress 
him with hail, and drown him with 
inundations. The air rushes in storms, 
prepares the tempest, and lights up the 
volcano; — but the earth, ever kind and 
indulgent, is found subservient to his 
wishes. Though constantly harassed, 
more to furnish the luxuries than the 
necessaries of life, she never refuses her 
accustomed yield ; spreading his path 
with flowers, and his table with plenty; 
though she produces poison, still she 



30 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

supplies the antidote, and returns with 
interest every good committed to her care ; 
and when at last he is called upon to pass 
through the " dark valley of the shadow 
of Death," she once more receives him, 
and piously covers his remains within her 
bosom ; this admonishes us that from it 
we came, and to it we must shortly re- 
turn. 

Such is the arrangement of the different sections 
in the first lecture, which, with the forms adopted 
at the Opening" and Closing of a Lodge, comprehends 
the whole of the first degree of Masonry. This 
plan has the advantage of regularity to recommend 
it, the support of precedent and authority, and the 
sanction and respect which flow from antiquity. 



CHAEGE TO THE CANDIDATE. 

Brother : As you are now introduced 
into the first principles of Masonry, I con- 
gratulate you on being accepted into this 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 31 

ancient and honorable Order: — ancient, 
as having subsisted from time immemo- 
rial ; and, honorable, as tending, in every 
particular, so to render all men who will 
be conformable to its precepts. ISTo in- 
stitution was ever raised on a better prin- 
ciple, or more solid foundation ; nor were 
ever more excellent rules and useful max- 
ims laid down than are inculcated in the 
several masonic lectures. The greatest 
and best of men, in all ages, have been 
encouragers and promoters of the art ; 
and have never deemed it derogatory to 
their dignity to level themselves with the 
fraternity, extend their privileges, and 
patronize their assemblies. There are 
three great duties, which, as a Mason, you 
are charged to inculcate — to God, your 
neighbor, and yourself. To God, in never 
mentioning His name, but with that rever- 
ential awe which is due from a creature 
to his creator; to implore His aid in 



32 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

all your laudable undertakings, and to 
esteem Him as the chief good ; to your 
neighbor, in acting upon the square, and 
doing unto him as you wish he should do 
unto you ; and to yourself, in avoiding all 
irregularity and intemperance, which may 
impair your faculties, or debase the digni- 
ty of your profession. A zealous attach- 
ment to these duties will insure public 
and private esteem. 

In the State, you are to be a quiet and 
peaceful citizen, true to your government, 
and just to your country; you are not to 
countenance disloyalty or rebellion, but 
patiently submit to legal authority, and 
conform with cheerfulness to the govern- 
ment of the country in which you live. 
In your outward demeanor, be particular- 
ly careful to avoid censure and reproach. 

Although your frequent appearance at 
our regular meetings is earnestly solicited, 
yet it is not meant that Masonry should 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 33 

interfere with your necessary vocations / 
for these a/re on no account to he neglect- 
ed / neither are you to suffer your zeal for 
the institution to lead you into argument 
with those who, through ignorance, may 
ridicule it. 

At your leisure hours, that you may 
improve in masonic knowledge, you are 
to converse with well-informed brethren, 
who will be always as ready to give, as 
you will be to receive, instruction. 

Finally, keep sacred and inviolable the 
mysteries of the Order; as these are to 
distinguish you from the rest of the com* 
munity, and mark your consequence 
among Masons. If, in the circle of your 
acquaintance, you find a person desirous 
of being initiated into Masonry, be parti- 
cularly careful not to recommend him, 
unless you are convinced he will conform 
to our rules; that the honor, glory, and 
reputation of the institution may be firm- 



34 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

ly established, and the world at large con- 
vinced of its good effects.* 



FELLOW CKAFT. 

SCRIPTURE READING. 

" Thus he shewed me : and behold, the 
Lord stood upon a wall made by a plumb- 
line, with a plumb-line in his hand. And 
the Lord said unto me, Amos, what seest 
thou? and I said, A plumb-line. Then 
said the Lord, Behold, I will set a plumb- 
line in the midst of my people Israel ; I 
will not again pass by them any more." 
— Amos, vii. 7, 8. 

PRESENTATION OF THE WORKING TOOLS. 

The Plumb is an instrument made 
use of by operative Masons, to try per- 
pendiculars ; the Square, to square their 

* For Symbolism of the three degrees, see pages 81, 82, 83, 






-m 




mmKW. 



FELLOW CRAFT. 35 

work, and the Level^ to prove horizontals ; 
but we, -as free and accepted Masons, are 
taught to make use of them for more no- 
ble and glorious purposes ; the Plumb 
admonishes us to walk uprightly in our 
several stations before God and man, 
squaring our actions by the Square of 
Virtue, and ever remembering that we. 
are travelling upon the Level of Time, to 
"that undiscovered country, from whose 
bourne no traveller returns." 

THE PROS. JLS. 

I als' prsn. u. wth. the thr' prs. jls. 
of a F.cf wch. ar' th. atnt. ea. th. in- 
stv tn. an 5 th. fthfl. bs., &c. 
section n. 

The second section of this degree has re- 
course to the origin of the Institution, and 
views Masonry under two denominations — 
Operative and Speculative. These are sepa- 
rately considered, and the principles on which 
both are founded, particularly explained. 



36 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

Their affinity is pointed out, by allegorical 
figures and typical representations. The 
period stipulated for rewarding merit is fixed, 
and the inimitable moral to which that cir- 
cumstance alludes is explained ; the creation - 
of the world is described, and many other par- 
ticulars recited, all of which have been careful- 
ly preserved among Masons, and transmitted 
from one age to another by oral tradition. 

Circumstances of great importance to the 
fraternity are here particularized, and many 
traditional tenets and customs confirmed by 
sacred and profane record. The celestial and 
terrestrial globes are considered with a min- 
ute accuracy ; and here the accomplished 
craftsman may display his talents to advant- 
age, in the elucidation of the Orders of Ar- 
chitecture^ the Senses of human nature, and 
the liberal Arts and Sciences, which are sev- 
erally classed in a regular arrangement. In 
short, this sectiou contains a store of valuable 
knowledge, founded on reason and sacred 
record, both entertaining and instructive. 



FELLOW CRAFT. 37 

OPEEATIVE MASONKY. 
By Operative Masonry we allude to 
a proper application of the useful rules 
of architecture, whence a structure will 
derive figure, strength, and beauty, and 
whence will result a due proportion and 
a just correspondence in all its parts. It 
furnishes us with dwellings and conve- 
nient shelters from the vicissitudes and 
inclemencies of seasons; and while it 
displays the effects of human wisdom, as 
well in the choice as in the arrangement 
of the sundry materials of which an 
edifice is composed, it demonstrates that 
a fund of science and industry is im- 
planted in man, for the best, most salutary 
and beneficent purposes. 

SPECULATIVE MASONRY. 

By Speculative Masonry, we learn to 
subdue the passions, act upon the square, 
keep a tongue of good report, maintain 



38 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

secrecy, and practice charity. It is so far 
interwoven with religion, as to lay us 
under obligations to pay that rational ha 
mage to the Deity, which at once consti- 
tutes our duty and our happiness. It leads 
the contemplative to view, with reverence 
and admiration, the glorious works of 
creation, and inspires him with the most 
exalted ideas of the perfection of his Di 
vine Creator. 

JEWISH SABBATH. 

The second section of this degree also 
refers to the origin of the Jewish Sabbath, 
as well as to the manner in which our 
ancient brethren kept the same. 

In six days God created the heavens 
and the earth, and rested upon the seventh 
day ; the seventh, therefore, our ancient 
brethren consecrated as a day of rest from 
their labors, thereby enjoying frequent 
opportunities to contemplate the glorious 













• »*##« 9 



Fl 



* * « « 



KT% 





FELLOW CRAFT. 39 

works of the creation, and to adore their 

great Creator. 

******* 



OF THE GLOBES. 

These pillars are surmounted by two ar- 
tificial spherical bodies representing the 
Globes — celestial and terrestrial, on the 
convex surface of which are delineated 
the countries, seas, and various parts of the 
earth, the face of the heavens, the plane- 
tary revolutions, and other important par- 
ticulars. 

USE OF THE GLOBES. 

The principal use of the globes, besides 
serving as maps to distinguish the outward 
parts of the earth, and the situation of the 
fixed stars, is to illustrate and explain the 
phenomena arising from the annual revo- 
lution, and the diurnal rotation of the earth 



40 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

round its own axis. They are invaluable 
instruments for improving the mind, and 
giving it the most distinct idea of any 
problem or proposition, as well as enabling 
it to solve the same. Contemplating these 
bodies, we are inspired with a due rever- 
ence for the Deity and his works, and 
are induced to encourage the studies of 
astronomy, geography, navigation, and 
the arts dependent on them, by which 
society has been so much benefited. 



ORDER IN ARCHITECTURE. 

By order in architecture is meant a 
system of all the members, proportions, 
and ornaments of columns and pilasters ; 
or, it is a regular arrangement of the pro- 
jecting parts of a building, which, united 
with those of a column, form a beautiful, 
perfect, and complete whole. 



FELLOW CRAFT. 41 

ITS ANTIQUITY. 

From the first formation of society, 
order in architecture may be traced. 
When the rigor of seasons obliged men to 
contrive shelter from the inclemency of 
the weather, we learn that they first 
planted trees on end, and then laid others 
across, to support a covering. The bands 
which connected those trees at top and 
bottom, are said to have given rise to the 
idea of the base and capital of pillars; 
and, from this simple hint, originally 
proceeded the more improved art of ar- 
chitecture. 

The five orders are thus classed: the 
Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and 
Composite. 

the tuscan 
Is the most simple and solid of the five 
orders. It was invented in Tuscany, 
whence it derives its name. Its column 



42 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

is seven diameters high ; and its capital, 
base, and entablature have but few mould- 
ings. The simplicity of the construction 
of this column renders it eligible where 
ornament would be superfluous. 



THE DORIC 

Which is plain and natural, is the most 
ancient, and was invented by the Greeks. 
Its column is eight diameters high, and 
has seldom any ornaments on base or 
capital, except mouldings; though the 
frieze is distinguished by triglyphs and 
metopes, and triglyphs compose the orna- 
ments of the frieze. The solid compo- 
sition of this order gives it a preference, 
in structures where strength and a noble 
simplicity are chiefly required. The 
Doric is the best proportioned of all the 
orders. The several parts of which it ia 
composed are founded on the natural posi 



FELLOW CRAFT. 43 

tion of solid bodies. In its first invention 
it was more simple than in its present 
state. In after times, when it began to 
be adorned, it gained the name of Doric ; 
for when it was constructed in its primi- 
tive and simple form, the name of Tuscan 
was conferred on it. Hence the Tuscan 
precedes the Doric in rank, on account 
of its resemblance to that pillar in its 
original state. 

THE IONIC 

Bears a kind of mean proportion between 
the more solid and delicate orders. Its 
column is nine diameters high; its capi- 
tal is adorned with volutes, and its cornice 
has dentils. There is both delicacy and 
ingenuity displayed in this pillar, the in- 
vention of which is attributed to the 
Ionians, as the famous temple of Diana, 
at Ephesus, was of this order. It is said 
to have been formed after the model of 



44 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

an agreeable young woman, of an elegant 
shape, dressed in her hair ; as a contrast 
to the Doric order, which was formed 
after that of a strong, robust man 



THE CORINTHIAN, 

The richest of the five orders, is deem- 
ed a master-piece of art. Its column is 
ten diameters high, and its capital is 
adorned with two rows of leaves, and 
eight volutes, which sustain the abacus. 
The frieze is ornamented with curious 
devices, the cornice with dentils and rao- 
dillions. This order is used in stately 
and superb structures. 

It was invented at Corinth, by Calli- 
machus, who is said to have taken the 
hint of the capital of this pillar from the 
following remarkable circirm stance. Ac- 
cidently passing by the torn b of a ycnng 
lady, he perceived a basket of toys, cov- 



FELLOW CRAFT. 45 

ered with a tile, placed over an acanthus 
root, having been left there by her nurse. 
As the branches grew up, they encompass- 
ed the basket, until arriving at the tile, 
they met with an obstruction and bent 
downwards. Callimachus, struck with 
the object, set about imitating the figure ; 
the base of the capital lie made to repre- 
sent the basket ; the abacus the tile, and 
the volutes the bending leaves. 

THE COMPOSITE 

Is compounded of the other orders, and 
was contrived by the Romans. Its capi- 
tal has the two rows of leaves of the 
Corinthian and the volutes of the Ionic. 
Its column has quarter-rounds, as the 
Tuscan and Doric order ; is ten diameters 
high, and its cornice has dentils, or sim- 
ple modillions. This pillar is generally 
found in buildings where strength, ele- 
gance, and beauty are displayed. 



46 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

THE ORDERS OF ARCHITECTURE REVERED B\ 

MASONS. 

The ancient and original orders of ar- 
chitecture, revered by Masons, are no m,ore 
than three, the Doric, Ionic, and Corinth- 
ian, which were invented by the Greeks. 
To these, the Komans have added two, 
the Tuscan, which they made plainer 
than the Doric, and the Composite, which 
was more ornamental, if not more beauti- 
ful, than the Corinthian. The first three 
orders alone, however, show invention 
and particular character, and essentially 
differ from each other; the two others 
have nothing but what is borrowed, and 
differ only accidentally ; the Tuscan is 
the Doric in its earliest state ; and the 
Composite is the Corinthian enriched 
with the Ionic. To the Greeks, there- 
fore, and not to the Romans, we are in- 
debted for what is great, judicious, and 
distinct in architecture. 



FELLOW CRAFT. 47 

THE FIVE SENSES OF HUMAN 
NATDKE. 

HEARING 

Is that sense by which we distinguish 
sounds, and are capable of enjoying all 
the agreeable charms of music. By it 
we are enabled to enjoy the pleasures of 
society, and reciprocally to communicate 
to each other our thoughts and intentions, 
our purposes and desires; and thus our 
reason is rendered capable of exerting its 
utmost power and energy. The wise and 
beneficent Author of Nature intended, by 
the formation of this sense, that we should 
be social creatures, and receive the great- 
est and most important part of our know- 
ledge from social intercourse with each 
other. For these purposes we are endowed 
with hearing, that, by a proper exertion 
of our rational powers, our happiness may 
be complete. 



48 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

SEEING 

Is that sense by which we distinguish ob- 
jects, and in an instant of time, without 
change of place or situation, view armies 
in battle array, figures of the most stately 
structures, and all the agreeable variety 
displayed in the landscape of nature. Bj 
this sense we find our way on the pathless 
ocean, traverse the globe of earth, deter- 
mine its figure and dimensions, and deline- 
ate any region or quarter of it. By it we 
measure the planetary orbs, and make new 
discoveries in the sphere of the fixed stars. 
Nay, more, by it we perceive the tempers 
and dispositions, the passions and affec- 
tions of our fellow-creatures, when they 
wish most to conceal them ; so that, 
though the tongue may be taught to lie 
and dissemble, the countenance will dis- 
play the hypocrisy to the discerning eye. 
In fine, the rays of light which administer 
to this sense, are the most astonishing 



FELLOW CRAFT. 49 

parts of the animated creation, and ren- 
der the eye a peculiar object of admiration. 
Of all the faculties, sight is the noblest. 
The structure of the eye, and its appurte- 
nances, evince the admirable contrivance 
of nature for performing all its various 
external and internal motions ; while the 
variety displayed in the eyes of different 
animals, suited to their several ways of 
life, clearly demonstrate this organ to be 
the masterpiece of nature's works. 

FEELING 

Is that sense by which we distinguish the 
different qualities of bodies ; such as heat 
and cold, hardness and softness, roughness 
and smoothness, figure, solidity, motion 
and extension. 

These three senses, hearing, seeing, and 
feeling, are deemed peculiarly essential 
among Masons. Le' us mk a stl fth adv. 



50 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

SMELLING * 

Is that sense by which we distinguish 
odors, the various kinds of which convey 
different impressions to the mind. Ani- 
mal and vegetable bodies, and indeed 
most other bodies, while exposed to the 
air, continually send forth effluvia of vast 
subtlety, as well in a state of life and 
growth, as in the state of fermentation 
and putrefaction. These effluvia, being 
drawn into the nostrils along with the air, 
are the means by which all bodies are dis- 
tinguished. Hence it is evident, that 
there is a manifest appearance of design 
in the great Creator's having planted the 
organ of smell in the inside of that canal, 
through whicli the air continually passes 
in respiration. 

TASTING 

Enables us to make a proper distinction 

* A description of these two senses is seldom given. 



FELLOW CRAFT. 51 

in the choice of our food. The organ of 
this sense guards the entrance of the ali- 
mentary canal, as that of smelling guards 
the entrance of the canal for respiration. 
From the situation of both these organs, 
it is plain that they were intended by na- 
ture to distinguish wholesome food from 
that which is nauseous. Everything that 
enters into the stomach must undergo the 
scrutiny of tasting ; and by it we are ca- 
pable of discerning the changes which the 
same body undergoes in the different com- 
positions of art, cookery, chemistry, phar- 
macy, &c. 

Smelling and tasting are inseparably 
connected, and it is by the unnatural kind 
of life men commonly lead in society, that 
these senses are rendered less fit to per- 
form their natural offices. 

The proper use of these five senses ena- 
bles us to form just and accurate notions 
of the operations of nature ; and when we 



52 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

reflect on the objects with which our sen- 
ses are gratified, we become conscious of 
them, and are enabled to attend to them, till 
they become familiar objects of thought. 

On the mind all our knowledge must 
depend ; what, therefore, can be a more 
proper subject for the investigation of 
Masons ? 

To sum up the whole of this transcend- 
ent measure of God's bounty to man, we 
shall add, that memory, imagination, taste, 
reasoning, moral perception, and all the 
active powers of the soul, present a vast 
and boundless field for philosophical dis- 
quisition, which far exceeds human inqui- 
ry, and are peculiar mysteries, known only 
to nature, and to nature's God, to whom 
all are indebted for creation, preservation 
and every blessing we enjoy. 



FELLOW CRAFT. 53 

THE SEVEN LIBERAL ARTS AND 

SCIENCES, 

GRAMMAR, RHETORIC, LOGIC, ARITHMETIC^ 

GEOMETRY, MUSIC, AND ASTRONOMY. 

GRAMMAR 

Is the key by which alone the door can 
be opened to the understanding of speech. 
It is grammar which reveals the admira- 
ble art of language, and unfolds its vari- 
ous constituent parts, its names, defini- 
tions, and respective offices ; it unravels, 
as it were, the thread of which the web 
of speech is composed. These reflections 
seldom occur to any one before their ac- 
quaintance with the art; yet it is most 
certain, that, without a knowledge of 
Grammar, it is very difficult to speak 
with propriety, precision, and purity. 

RHETORIC 

It is by Rhetoric that the art of speak 



54 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

ing eloquently is acquired. To be an elo 
quent speaker, in the proper sense of the 
word, is far from being either a common 
or an easy attainment : it is the art of be- 
ing persuasive and commanding ; the art, 
not only of pleasing the fancy, but of 
speaking both to the understanding and 
to the heart. 

LOGIC 

Is that science which directs us how to 
form clear and distinct ideas of things, 
and thereby prevents us from being mis- 
led by their similitude or resemblance. 
Of all the human sciences, that concern- 
ing man is certainly most worthy of the 
human mind, and the proper manner of 
conducting its several powers in the at- 
tainment of truth and knowledge. Thia 
science ought to be cultivated as the foun- 
dation or ground- work of our inquiries ; 
particularly in the pursuit of those sub- 



FELLOW CRAFT. 55 

lime principles which claim oar attention 
as Masons. 

ARITHMETIC 

Is the art of numbering, or that part of 
the mathematics which considers the pro- 
perties of numbers in general. We have 
but a very imperfect idea of things with- 
out quantity, and as imperfect of quantity 
itself, without the help of Arithmetic. 
All the works of the Almighty are made 
in number, weight, and measure ; there- 
fore, to understand them rightly, we 
ought to understand arithmetical calcula- 
tions; and the greater advancement we 
make in the mathematical sciences, the 
more capable we shall be of considering 
such things as are the ordinary objects of 
our conceptions, and be thereby led to a 
more comprehensive knowledge of our 
great Creator, and the works of the crea 
tion. 



56 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

GEOMETRY 

Treats of the powers and properties of 
magnitudes in general, where length, 
breadth, and thickness are considered — 
from a point to a line, from a line to a 
supe/fices, and from a superfices to a solid. 

A point is the beginning of all geome- 
trical matter. 

A line is a continuation of the same. 

A superfices is length and breadth with- 
out a given thickness. 

A solid is length and breadth, with a 
given thickness, which forms a cube and 
comprehends the whole. 

THE ADVANTAGES OF GEOMETRY. 

By this science the architect is enabled 
to construct his plans, and execute his 
designs ; the general, to arrange his sol- 
diers ; the engineer, to mark out grounds 
for encampments ; the geographer, to give 
us the dimensions of the world, and all 



FELLOW CRAFT. 57 

things therein contained ; to delineate the 
extent of seas, and specify the divisions 
of empires, kingdoms, and provinces. By 
it, also, the astronomer is enabled to make 
his observations, and to fix the duration 
of times and seasons, years and cycles. In 
fine, Geometry is the foundation of archi- 
tecture, and the root of the mathematics. 

MTSIO 

Is that elevated science which affects the 
passions by sound. There are few who 
have not felt its charms, and acknowledg- 
ed its expressions to be intelligible to the 
heart. It is a language of delightful sen- 
sations, far more eloquent than words ; it 
breathes to the ear the clearest intima- 
tions ; it touches and gently agitates the 
agreeable and sublime passions ; it wraps 
us in melancholy, and elevates us in joy ; 
it dissolves and inflames ; it melts us in 
tenderness, and excites us to war. This 



58 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

science is truly congenial to the nature of 
man ; for by its powerful charms the 
most discordant passions may he harmo- 
nized and brought into perfect unison ; 
but it never sounds with such seraphic 
harmony as when employed in singing 
hymns of gratitude to the Creator of the 
universe. 

ASTRONOMY 

Is that sublime science which inspires the 
contemplative mind to soar aloft, and read 
the wisdom, strength, and beauty of the 
great Creator in the heavens. How nobly 
eloquent of the Deity is the celestial hem 
isphere ! — spangled with the most magni- 
ficent heralds of his infinite glory ! They 
speak to the whole universe ; for there is 
no speech so barbarous but their language 
is understood ; nor nation so distant but 
their voices are heard among them. 

u The heavens proclaim the glory of God ; 
The firmament declareth the works of his hands,* 



FELLOW CRAFT. 59 

Assisted by Astronomy, we ascertain 
the laws which govern the heavenly 
bodies, and by which their motions are 
directed ; investigate the power by which 
they circulate in their orbs, discover their 
size, determine their distance, explain 
their various phenomena, and correct the 
fallacy of the senses by the light of truth. 

EMBLEM OF PLENTY. 

An emblem of plenty is here intro- 
duced and explained. It is represented 
by a sheaf of corn suspended near a water 
ford. * * * * 

WAGES. 

Our anct Bru red thr wags constg of 
crn. wn and oi wh a'e 'mblmticl of nou- 
rishm 5 etc. 

the moral advantages of geometry. 
Geometry, the first and noblest of sci- 
ences, is the basis on which the super- 



60 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

structure of Freemasonry is erected. By 
Geometry we may curiously trace nature 
through her various windings, to her most 
concealed recesses. By it, we discover 
the power, wisdom, and goodness of the 
Grand Artificer of the universe, and 
view with delight the proportions which 
connect this vast machine. By it, we 
discover how the planets move in their 
respective orbits, and demonstrate their 
various revolutions. By it we account 
for the return of the seasons, and the 
variety of scenes which each season dis- 
plays to the discerning eye. Numberless 
worlds are around us, all framed by the 
same Divine Artist, which roll through 
the vast expanse, and are all conducted 
by the same unerring law of nature. 

A survey of nature, and the observation 
of her beautiful proportions, first deter- 
mined man to imitate the divine plan, and 
study symmetry and order. This gave 



FELLOW CRAFT. 61 

. ase to societies, and birth to every useful 
art. The architect began to design ; and 
the plans which he laid down, being im- 
proved by time and experience, have pro- 
duced works which are the admiration of 
every age. 

The lapse of time, the ruthless hand of 
ignorance, and the devastations of war 
have laid waste and destroyed many val- 
uable monuments of antiquity, on which 
the utmost exertions of human genius 
have been employed. Even the Temple 
of Solomon, so spacious and magnificent, 
and constructed by so many celebrated 
artists, escaped not the unsparing ravages 
of barbarous force. Freemasonry, not- 
withstanding, has still survived. The at- 
tentive ear receives the sound from the 
instructive tongue, and the mysteries of 
Masonry are safely lodged in the reposi- 
tory of faithful breasts. Tools and im- 
plements of architecture, and symbolic 



62 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

emblems, most expressive, are selected by 
the fraternity, to imprint on the mind 
wise and serious truths ; and thus, through 
a succession of ages, are transmitted un- 
impaired the most excellent tenets of our 
institution. 

Thus end the two sections of the second lecture, 
which, with the ceremony used at opening and 
closing the lodge, comprehend the whole of the 
second degree of Masonry. This lecture contains a 
regular system of science, demonstrated on the 
clearest principles, and founded on the most stable 
foundations. 

CHAEGE TO THE CANDIDATE. 

Brother: — Being passed to the sec- 
ond, degree of Freemasonry, we congratu- 
late you on your preferment. The inter- 
nal, and not the external qualifications of a 
man, are what Masonry regards. As you 
increase in knowledge, you will improve 
in social intercourse. 



FELLOW CKAFT. 63 

It is unnecessary to recapitulate the 
duties which, as a Fellow Craft, you are 
bound to discharge, or to enlarge on the 
necessity of a strict adherence to them, as 
your own experience must have establish- 
ed their value. Our laws and regulations 
you are strenuously to support ; and be 
always ready to assist in seeing them duly 
executed. You are not to palliate, or ag- 
gravate, the offences of your brethren ; 
but in the decision of every trespass 
against our rules, you are to judge with 
candor, admonish with friendship, and 
reprehend with justice. 

The study of the liberal arts, that valu- 
able branch of education, which tends so 
effectually to polish and adorn the mind, 
is earnestly recommended to your consid- 
eration ; especially the science of Geome- 
try, which is established as the basis of 
our art. Geometry, or Masonry, original- 
ly synonymous terms, being of a divine 



64 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

and moral nature, is enriched with the 
most useful knowledge; while it proves 
the wonderful properties of nature, it de- 
monstrates the more important truths of 
morality. 

Your past behavior and regular deport- 
ment have merited the honor which we 
have now conferred ; and in your new 
character, it is expected that you will con- 
form to the principles of the Order, by 
steadily persevering in the practice of 
every commendable virtue. Snch is the 
nature of your engagements as a Fellow 
Craft, and to these duties you are bound 
by the most sacred ties, 



MASTER MASON. 65 

MASTEE MASOK 

SECTION I. 
SCRIPTURE READING. 

"Remember now thy Creator in the 
days of thy youth, while the evil clays 
come not, nor the years draw nigh, when 
thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them ; 
while the sun, or the light, or the moon, 
or the stars, be not darkened, nor the 
clouds return after the rain ; in the day 
when the keepers of the house shall trem- 
ble, and the strong men shall bow them- 
selves, and the grinders cease because they 
are few, and those that look out of the 
windows be darkened, and the doors shall 
be shut in the streets, when the sound of 
the grinding is low, and he shall rise up 
at the voice of the bird, and all the 
daughters of music shall be brought low ; 
abo, when they shall be afraid of that 



66 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

which is high, and fears shall be in the 
waj r , and the almond-tree shall flourish, 
and the grasshopper shall be a burden, 
and desire shall fail ; because man goeth 
to his long home, and the mourners go 
about the streets : or ever the silver cord 
be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, 
or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, 
or the wheel broken at the cistern. Then 
shall the dust return to the earth as it 
was ; and the spirit shall return unto God 
who gave it." 

PRESENTATION" OF THE WORKING TOOLS. 

The working tools of a Master Mason 
are all the implements in Masonry, indis- 
criminately, but more especially the trow T el. 

THE TROWEL 

Is an instrument made use of, by opera- 
tive Masons, to spread the cement which 
unites the building into one common 



MASTER MASON". 67 

mass ; but we, as Free and Accepted Ma- 
sons, are taught to niake use of it for the 
more noble and glorious purpose of 
spreading the cement of Brotherly Love 
and affection ; that cement which unites 
us into one sacred band, or Society of 
Friends and Brothers, among w T hom no 
contention should ever exist but that 
noble contention, or rather emulation, of 
who best can work and best agree. 

section n. 

This section recites the historical traditions of the 
Order, and presents to view a picture of great moral 
sublimity. It exemplifies an instance of virtue and 
firmness seldom equalled and never excelled. 

FUKERAE DIRGE. 

Solemn strikes the fun'ral chime, 
Notes of our departing time ; 
As we journey here below, 
Thro 1 a pilgrimage of woe. 

Mortals, now indulge a tear, 
For mortality is near I 



68 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

See how wide her trophies wave 
O'er the slumbers of the grave ! 

Here another guest we bring ; 

Seraphs of celestial wing. 

To our fun'ral altar come, 

Waft this friend and brother home. 

There, enlarged, thy soul shall see 
What was veiled in mystery ; 
Heavenly glories of the place 
Show his Maker face to face. 

Lord of all ! below — above — 
Fill our hearts with truth and love ; 
When dissolves our earthly tie, 
Take us to thy Lodge on high. 

PRAYER USED AT RAISING A BROTHER TO 
THE SUBLIME DEGREE OF MASTER MASON. 

Thou, O God ! knowest our down-sit- 
ting and onr up-rising, and understandest 
our thoughts afar off. Shield and defend 
us from the evil intentions of our enemies, 
and support us under the trials and afflic- 



MASTER MASON. 69 

tions we are destined to endure, wlrile 
travelling through this vale of tears. Man 
that is born of a woman is of few days, 
and full of trouble. He cometh forth as 
a flower and is cut down ; he fleeth also 
as a shadow, and continueth not. Seeing 
his days are determined, the number of 
his months are with thee ; thou hast ap- 
pointed his bounds that he cannot pass ; 
turn from him that he may rest, till he 
shall accomplish his day. For there is 
hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it 
will sprout again, and that the tender 
branch thereof will not cease. But man 
dieth and wasteth away ; yea, man giveth 
up the ghost, and where is he ? As the 
waters fail from the sea, and the flood de- 
cayeth and drieth up, so man lieth down, 
and riseth not up till the heavens shall be 
no more. Tet, O Lord ! have compassion 
on the children of thy creation ; adminis- 
ter them comfort in time of trouble, and 



70 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

save them with an everlasting salvation. 
Amen. So mote it be. 



the broken monument. 

An' ovr hs remns ws erectd a mnmt o' 
th finest p-rin mrble on wh ws delnatd a 
brkn elm. * * * * * 

section m. 

This section illustrates certain hieroglyphical 
emblems and inculcates many useful and impres- 
sive moral lessons. It also details many particulars 
relative to the building of the Temple at Jerusa- 
lem. 

This magnificent structure was founded in the 
fourth year of the reign of Solomon on the second 
day of the month Zif, being the second month of 
the sacred year. It was located on Mount Moriah, 
near the place where Abraham was about to offer 
up his son Isaac, and where David met and ap- 
peased the destroying angel. Josephus informs 
us, that although more than seven years were oc- 
cupied in building it, yet, during the whole term, 
it did not rain in the day time, that the workmen 
might not be obstructed in their labor. From sa- 




1,453 Columns. §,300 Overseers, 

&906 Pilasters £0,000 Peje&sst Cmm> 
3 Grand Masters, 7&000 Entered &£vrwi&ssL 









k 




% 




f^ 
















im 


^w^ 


»ii 






*l\ 


> 




3 







MASTER MASON. 71 

cred history we also learn, that there was not the 
sound of ax, hammer, or any tool of iron heard in 
the house while it was building 1 . 

It is said to have been supported by 
fourteen hundred and fifty -three columns, 
and two thousand nine hundred and six 
pilasters, all hewn from the finest Parian 
marble. There were employed in its 
building; three Grand Masters ; three 
thousand and three hundred Masters or 
Overseers of the work ; eighty thousand 
Fellow Crafts ; and seventy thousand En- 
tered Apprentices, or bearers of burdens. 
All these were classed and arranged in 
such manner, by the wisdom of Solomon, 
that neither envy, discord, nor confusion, 
was suffered to interrupt or disturb the 
peace and good fellowship which prevail- 
ed among the workmen. 

THE THREE STEPS 

Usually delineated upon the Master's car- 



72 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

pet are emblematical of the three princi- 
pal stages of human life, viz : youth, 
manhood., and age. In youth, as Entered 
Apprentices, we ought industriously to 
occupy our minds in the attainment of 
useful knowledge ; in manhood, as Fellow 
Crafts, we should apply our knowledge to 
the discharge of our respective duties to 
God, our neighbor, and ourselves; that 
so, in age, as Master Masons, we may en- 
joy the happy reflection consequent on a 
well-spent life, and die in the hope of a 
glorious immortality. 

THE POT OF INCENSE 

Is an emblem of a pure heart, which is 
always an acceptable sacrifice to the 
Deity ; and, as this glows with fervent 
heat, so should our hearts continually 
glow with gratitude to the great and be- 
neficent Author of our existence, for the 
manifold blessings and comforts we enjoy. 



MASTER MASON. 73 

THE BEE HIVE 

Is an emblem of industry, and recom- 
mends the practice of that virtue to all 
created beings, from the highest seraph in 
heaven, to the lowest reptile of the dust. 
It teaches us, that as we came into the 
world rational and intelligent beings, so 
we should ever be industrious ones ; never 
sitting down contented while our fellow- 
creatures around us are in want, especially 
when it is in our power to relieve them, 
without inconvenience to ourselves. 

When we take a survey of nature, we 
view man in his infancy, more helpless 
and indigent than the brute creation; 
he lies languishing for days, months, and 
years, totally incapable of providing sus- 
tenance for himself, of guarding against 
the attack of the wild beasts of the field, 
or sheltering himself from the inclemen- 
cies of the weather. It might have 
pleased the great Creator of heaven and 



74 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

earth, to have made man independent of 
all other beings; but as dependence is 
one of the strongest bonds of society, 
mankind were made dependent on each 
other for protection and security, as they 
thereby enjoy better opportunities of ful- 
filling the duties of reciprocal love and 
friendship. Thus was man formed for 
social and active. life, the noblest part of 
the work of God ; and he that will so de- 
mean himself as not to be endeavoring 
to add to the common stock of knowledge 
and understanding, may be deemed a 
drone in the hive of nature, a useless 
member of society, and unworthy of our 
protection as Masons. 

THE BOOK OF CONSTITUTIONS, GUARDED BY 

the tyler's sword, 
Reminds us that we should be ever watch- 
ful and guarded in our thoughts, words, 
and actions, particularly when before the 



MASTER MASON. 75 

enemies of Masonry ; ever bearing in re- 
membrance those truly masonic virtues, 
silence and circumspection. 

THE SWORD, POINTING TO A NAKED HEART, 

Demonstrates that justice will sooner or 
later overtake us; and although our 
thoughts, words, and actions may be hid- 
den from the eyes of man, yet that 

ALL-SEEING EYE, 

whom the Sl t n, Moon, and stars obey, and 
under whose watchful care, even Comets 
perform their stupendous revolutions, per- 
vades the inmost recesses of the human 
Heart, and will reward us according to 
our merits. 

THE ANCHOR AND ARK 

Are emblems of a well-grounded hope, 
and a well-spent life. They are emble- 
matical of that divine Ark, which safely 
wafts us over this tempestuous sea of 



76 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

troubles, and that Anchor, which shall 
safely moor us in a peaceful harbor, where 
the wicked cease from troubling, and the 
weary shall find rest. 

THE FORTY-SEVENTH PROBLEM OF EUCLID. 

This was an invention of our ancient 
friend and brother, the great Pythagoras, 
who, in his travels through Asia, Africa, 
and Europe, was initiated into several 
orders of priesthood, and raised to the 
sublime degree of Master Mason. This 
wise philosopher enriched his mind abun- 
dantly in a general knowledge of things, 
and more especially in Geometry, or Ma- 
sonry. On this subject he drew out many 
problems and theorems ; and among the 
most distinguished, he erected this, which, 
in the joy of his heart, he called Eureka, 
in the Grecian language signifying I 
have found it / and upon the discovery 
of which, he is said to have sacrificed a 



MASTER MASON. 77 

hecatomb. It teaches Masons to be gen- 

o 

eral lovers of the arts and sciences. 

THE HOUR-GLASS 

Is an emblem of human life. Behold ! 
how swiftly the sands run, and how rapid- 
ly our lives are drawing to a close ! We 
cannot without astonishment behold the 
little particles which are contained in this 
machine ; — how they pass away almost 
imperceptibly ! and yet, to our surprise, 
in the short space of an hour they are all 
exhausted. Thus wastes man! To-day, 
he puts forth the tender leaves of hope ; 
to-morrow, blossoms, and bears his blush- 
ing honors thick upon him ; the next day 
comes a frost which nips the shoot ; and 
when he thinks his greatness is still as- 
piring, he falls, like autumn leaves, to 
enrich our mother earth. 

THE SCYTHE 

Is an emblem of time, which cuts the 



78 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

brittle thread of life, and launches us into 
eternity. Behold ! what havoc the scythe 
of time makes among the human race! 
If by chance we should escape the nu- 
merous evils incident to childhood and 
youth, and with health and vigor arrive 
to the years of manhood ; yet, withal, we 
must soon be cut down by the all-devour- 
ing scythe of Time, and be gathered into 
the land where our fathers have gone be- 
fore us. 

The thrd an' lst. cls. o' Emblems a'e 
th. S'.m. S'. cf, an 5 Spg o' ac— * * * * 

CHARGE TO THE CANDIDATE. 

Brother: — Tour zeal for the institu- 
tion of Free Masonry, the progress you 
have made in our mysteries, and your con- 
formity to our regulations, have pointed 
you out as a proper object for our favor 
and esteem. 



MASTER MASON. 79 

Ton are now bound by duty, honor, and 
gratitude to be faithful to your trust ; to 
support the dignity of your character on 
all occasions ; and to enforce, by precept 
and example, obedience to the tenets of 
the order. Exemplary conduct on your 
part will convince the world that merit is 
•the just title to our privileges, and that on 
you our favors have not been undeserv- 
edly bestowed. 

In the character of a Master Mason you 
are authorized to correct the errors and ir- 
regularities of your uninformed brethren, 
and to guard them against a breach of 
fidelity. To preserve unsullied the repu- 
tation of the fraternity must be your con- 
stant care ; and for this purpose it is your 
province to recommend to your inferiors 
obedience and submission ; to your equals, 
courtesy and affability ; to your superiors, 
kindness and condescension. Universal 
benevolence you are always to inculcate ; 



80 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

and by the regularity of your own behav- 
ior afford the best example for the con- 
duct of others less informed. The ancient 
landmarks of the order intrusted to your 
care you are carefully to preserve and 
never suffer them to be infringed, or 
countenance a deviation from the estab- 
lished usages and customs of the frater- 
nity. 

Your virtue, honor and reputation are 
concerned in supporting with dignity the 
character you now bear. Let no motive, 
therefore, make you swerve from your 
duty, violate your vows, or betray your 
trust ; but be true and faithful, and imi- 
tate the example of that celebrated artist 
whom you have this evening represented. 
Thus you w r ill render yourself deserving 
of the honor which we have conferred, 
and merit the confidence we have reposed 
in you. 



MASTER MASON. 81 

SYMBOLISM OF THE FIEST 
DEGREE. 

The first degree of Masonry is intended 
symbolically to represent the birth of man 
into the world, in which he is afterwards 
to become a living and thinking actor. 
Coming from the ignorance and darkness 
of the outer world, his first craving is 
for light — not that physical light which 
springs from the great orb of day as its 
fountain, but that moral and intellectual 
light which emanates from the primal 
Source of all things — from the Grand 
Architect of the Universe — the Creator 
of the sun and of all that it illuminates. 
Hence the great, the primary object of 
the first degree is to symbolize that birth 
of intellectual light into the mind ; and 
the Entered Apprentice is the type of 
nnregenerate man, groping in moral and 
mental darkness, and seeking for the 
light which is to guide his steps and 



82 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

point him to the path which leads to duty 
and to Him who gives to duty its reward. 

ON THE SYMBOLISM OF THE SECOND DEGREE. 

If the object of the first degree be to 
symbolize the struggles of a candidate 
groping in darkness for intellectual light, 
that of the second degree represents the 
same candidate laboring amid all the dif- 
ficulties that encumbers the young begin- 
ner in the attainment of learning and 
science. The Entered Apprentice is to 
emerge from darkness to light — the Fel- 
low Craft is to come out from ignorance 
into knowledge. This degree, therefore, 
by fitting emblems, is intended to typify 
these struggles of the ardent mind for the 
attainment of truth — moral and intellec- 
tual truth — and above all, that Divine 
truth, the comprehension of which surpass- 
eth human understanding, and to which, 
standing in the middle chamber, after his 



MASTER MASON. Oo 

laborious ascent of the winding stair, he 
can only approximate by the reception of 
an imperfect and yet glorious reward, in 
the revelation of that " hieroglyphic light 
which only craftsmen ever saw." 

SYMBOLISM OF THE THIRD DEGREE. 

There is not an observance in Free- 
masonry which has not a deep signifi- 
cance ; seek diligently and you will find 
the illustrations of its symbolic teach- 
ings almost infinite. The ancient land- 
marks, as presented to your view in the 
ceremonies of each degree, even with 
the fullest exposition of their lawfully 
accepted meaning, can be but the barest 
skeleton, the dry bones of the varied 
shapes of strength and beauty which 
each succeeding age has framed in ac- 
cordance with its own peculiar cast of 
thought, and which imagination can 
awaken into countless forms of graceful 



84 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

life. I trust you will earnestly search for 
a deeper meaning beneath the instruction 
already given. Thus you will realize how 
the founders of the various ancient mys- 
teries, amidst universal idolatry, by adopt- 
ing the unity of the system, even in the 
infinity of its elements, prepared their 
minds to receive the revelations of its 
divine author. How, in viewing the 
beneficent adaptation of all its parts to 
the wants of every creature, finding in 
external nature a visible emblem of 
every great moral truth, and a type of 
each mysterious emotion of the soul, 
the conclusion broke upon them irresist- 
ibly that the author of this harmonious 
creation must be infinitely good and wise, 
and that he is the only Grod. It will 
not, therefore, be amiss to direct your at- 
tention to a single example, not as an 
anciently received explanation of the ob- 
ject of the degree, but as one among the 



MASTER MASON. 85 

mass of illustrations which our symbols 
will suggest. Your representation of our 
Grand Master Hiram Abif is a type of the 
upright man in his progress through life, 
endowed, like the widow's son, with intel- 
lect and power to carry out the designs 
of the Grand Architect of the universe. 
He enters at the South gate upon the 
sunny period of youth, he here meets with 
allurements which, like the ruffian, would 
turn him from the path of duty, but deaf 
to the Syren tones, sustained by the unerr- 
ing dictates of the monitor within, he 
moves on to the "West gate, or Middle 
period of life ; here he is again assailed by 
misfortunes, disease, and trials, tempting 
him to betray his trust ; but, with integ- 
rity too deeply rooted to be shaken by 
the vicissitudes of fate, he treads the w r ay 
of life unf alteringly, and arrives in age at 
the East gate, that opening through which 
he looks out upon a brighter and better 



86 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

world ; here he meets with the inexorable 
enemy to whom all must yield. At the 
fatal blow of death he sinks to dust, and 
is buried in the rubbish of his earthly 
nature ; but not forever, for by the sprig 
of acacia w T e are reminded that there is a 
spiritual part within us, which will never 
die ; and as the remains of our lamented 
Grand Master were raised from their 
humble resting-place, and conveyed as 
near the Sanctum Sanctorum as the 
Jewish law would allow, so may we, 
when called from our graves by the all- 
powerful voice of the Great Architect of 
the Universe, be conducted to the Holy of 
Holies, there to rest secure on the pro- 
tecting love of our heavenly Father, 
through the boundless ages of a never" 
ending happiness. 



MASTER MASON. 87 



MASONIC BUEIAL SEEYICE AC- 
CORDING TO ANCIENT 
CUSTOM. 

No Freemason can be interred with the 
formalities of the Order unless it be by his 
own request, or that of some member of 
his family,* communicated to the Master 
of the lodge of which he died a member ; 
nor unless he is a Master Mason, and from 
this restriction there is no exception. Fel- 
low Crafts and Entered Apprentices are 
not entitled to masonic funeral obsequies, 
nor to participate in the ceremonies on 
such occasions. 

The Master of a lodge, having received 
notice of a Master Mason's death, and of 
his request to be interred with the Ceremo- 
nies of the Order, fixes the day and hour 
for the funeral (unless previously arranged 

* Foreigners and sojourners excepted. 



88 PRACTICAL MOKETOE. 

by the relatives or friends of the deceased) v 
and issues his command to the Secretary 
to summon the lodge. He may invite as 
many lodges as he thinks proper, the 
members of which may accompany their 
officers in form ; but the whole ceremony 
must be under the direction of the Master 
of the lodge to which the deceased be- 
longed, and he and his officers must be 
duly honored and obeyed on the occa- 
sion ; * but in case the deceased was not a 
member of either the attending lodges 
the procession and ceremony must be 
under the direction of the Master of the 
oldest lodge. 

The brethren who walk in procession 
should observe a uniformity in their dress, 
which should be decent mourning — with 
white gloves and aprons — a band of black 
crape around the left arm above the el- 

* Except where the Grand or Deputy Grand Master is present 
and exercises his authority. 



MASTER MASON. S9 

dow, and a sprig of evergreen on the left 
breast. 

THE FUNERAL SERVICE. 

The brethren being assembled at the 
lodge room (or other convenient place), 
the Master presiding, opens the lodge on 
the third degree, with the usual forms ; 
and having stated the purpose of the 
meeting, the service commences. 

Master — What man is he that liveth, 
and shall not see death ? Shall he de- 
liver his soul from the hand of the grave ? 

Response* — Man walketh in a vain 
shadow ; he heapeth up riches, and can- 
not tell who shall gather them. 

Master — When he dieth, he shall carry 
nothing away ; his glory shall not descend 
after him. 

Response — Naked came he into the 
world, and naked he must return. 

Master — The Lord gave, and the Lord 






: By Sen. Warden or Brethren. 



90 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

hath taken away ; blessed be the name of 
the Lord ! 

(The private grand honors are then 
given, and certain forms used, which can- 
not be here explained.) 

The Master (then, taking the Sacred 
Roll in his hand) continues : — 

Let us die the death of the righteous ; 
and let our last end be like his ! 

Response — God is our God forever and 
ever ; he will be our guide even unto death ! 

The Master then records the name and age of 
the deceased upon the roll, and says, 

Almighty Father! into thy hands we 
commend the soul of our loving brother. 

The brethren answer, — " The wiU of God is ac- 
complished," giving the grand honors at the same 
time. 

The Master then deposits the roll in the archives, 
and repeats the foHowing or other appropriate 
prayer : — 

Most Glorious God! Author of all 
good, and giver of all mercy ! pour down 



MASTER MASON. 91 

thy blessings upon us, and strengthen our 
solemn engagements with the ties of sin- 
cere affection ! May the present instance 
of mortality remind us of our approaching 
fate, and draw our attention toward Thee, 
the only refuge in time of need! that 
when the awful moment shall arrive, that 
we are about to quit this transitory scene, 
the enlivening prospect of thy mercy may 
dispel the gloom of death ; and after our 
departure hence in peace and in thy favor, 
we may be received into thine everlasting 
kingdom, to enjoy, in union with the souls 
of our departed friends, the just reward 
of a pious and virtuous life. Amen ! 

A procession is then formed, which moves to the 
house of the deceased, and thence to the place of 
interment. The different lodges rank according' 
to seniority, excepting that the lodge of which the 
deceased was a member, or within whose jurisdic^ 
tion he died, walks nearest the corpse. Each lodge 
forms one division, and the following order is ob- 
served : 






92 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 
ORDER OF PROCESSION AT THE FUNERAL. 

Tyler with a drawn Sword ; 
Stewards, or Masters of Ceremonies, with 

White Eods ; 
Musicians (if they are Masons, otherwise 
they follow the Tyler) ; 
Master Masons ; 
p Secretary and Treasurer ; 

I Senior and Junior Wardens ; 

6 Past Masters ; 

The Holy Writings, 

On a Cushion covered with Black Cloth, carried by 
the Oldest Member of the Lodge. 

The Master ; 

Supported by two Deacons with white rods ; 

Clergy; 

The Bj& Body, 

with the flf^lf Insignia 

placed I i thereon. 

Pall Bearers. lif Pall Bearers. 

Mourners. 



MASTER MASOIST. 93 

When the procession arrives at the church-yard, 
the members of the Lodges form a circle around the 
grave. — the officers of the acting lodge and clergy- 
men take their station at the head of the grave, 
and the mourners at the foot ; the service is re- 
sumed, and the following exhortation is given 

AT THE GRAVE. 

Here we view a striking instance of the 
uncertainty of life, and the vanity of all 
human pursuits. The last offices paid to 
the dead are only useful as lectures to the 
living ; from them we are to derive in- 
struction, and consider every solemnity of 
this kind as a summon to prepare for our 
approaching dissolution. 

^Notwithstanding the various mementos 
of mortality with which we daily meet — ■ 
notwithstanding Death has established his 
empire over all the works of nature — yet, 
through some unaccountable infatuation, 
we forget that we are born to die. We 
go on from one design to another, add 
hope to hope, and lay out plans for the 



94 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

employment of many years, till we ar& 
suddenly alarmed with the approach of 
Death when we least expect him, and at 
an hour which we probably conclude to be 
the meridian of our existence. 

What are all the externals of majesty, 
the pride of wealth or charms of beauty, 
when nature has paid her just debt? Fix 
your eyes on the last sad scene, and view 
life stripped of her ornaments and ex- 
posed in her natural meanness ; you will 
then be convinced of the futility of those 
empty delusions. In the grave all falla- 
cies are detected, all ranks are levelled, 
and all distinctions done away. 

While we drop the sympathetic tear 
over the grave of our deceased friend, let 
charity incline us to throw a veil over his 
foibles, whatever they may have been, and 
not withhold from his memory the praise 
that his virtues may have claimed. Suffer 
the apologies of human nature to plead in 



MASTER MASON. 95 

his behalf. Perfection on earth has never 
been attained ; the wisest as well as the 
best of men have erred. 

Let the present example excite our most 
serious thoughts, and strengthen our reso- 
lutions of amendment. As life is uncer- 
tain, and all earthly pursuits are vain, let 
us no longer postpone the all-important 
concern. of preparing for eternity; but 
embrace the happy moment, while time 
and opportunity offer, to provide against 
the great change, when all the pleasures of 
this world shall cease to delight, and the 
reflections of a virtuous life yield the 
only comfort and consolation. Thus our 
expectations will not be frustrated, nor 
we be hurried unprepared into the pres- 
ence of an all-wise and powerful Judge, 
to whom the secrets of all hearts are 
known. 

Let us, while in this state of existence, 
support with propriety the character of 



96 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

our proiession, advert to the nature ol ouj 
solemn ties, and pursue with assiduity the 
sacred tenets of our Order. Then, with 
becoming reverence, let us supplicate the 
divine grace to ensure the favor of that 
Divine Being, whose goodness and power 
know no bound; that when the awful 
moment arrives — be it soon or late — we 
may be enabled to pursue our journey, 
without dread or apprehension, to that far 
distant country whence no traveller re- 
turns. 

The following invocations are then made by the 

Master : — 

Master — May we be true and faithful, 
and may we live and die in love ! 

Answer — So mote it be. 

Master — May we profess what is good, 
and always act agreeably to our profes- 
sion. 

Answer — So mote it be. 

Master — May the Lord bless us and 



MASTER MASON, 97 

prosper us ; and may all our good inten- 
tions be crowned with success ! 

Answer — So mote it be. 

Master — Glory be to God on high ! on 
earth peace ! good will towards men ! 

Answer — So mote it be now, from 
henceforth and for evermore. 

The Master then presents the apron and contin- 
ues : — 

The lambskin, or white apron, is an 
emblem of innocence, and the badge of a 
Mason. It is more ancient than the gol- 
den fleece, or Roman eagle ; more honor- 
able than the star and garter, when worth- 
ily worn. 

He then deposits it in the grave saying : — 

This emblem I now deposit in the grave 
of our deceased brother. By it we are 
reminded of the universal dominion of 
Death. The arm of friendship cannot in- 
terpose to prevent his coming ; the wealth 
of the world cannot purchase our release ; 
nor will the innocence of youth, or the 



98 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

charms of beauty propitiate his purpose. 
The mattock, the coffin, and the melan- 
choly grave, admonish us of our mortality, 
and that, sooner or later, these frail bodies 
must moulder in their parent dust. 
Taking the evergreen, he continues: — 

This evergreen, which once marked the 
temporary resting-place of the illustrious 
dead, is an emblem of our faith in the 
immortality of the soul. By this we are 
reminded that we have an immortal part 
within us, that shall survive the grave, 
and which shall never, never, never die. 
By it we are admonished that, though 
like our brother, whose remains lie before 
us, we shall soon be clothed in the habili- 
ments of Death, and deposited in the si- 
lent tomb, yet, through the merits of a 
divine and ascended Saviour, we may con- 
fidently hope that our souls will bloom in 
eternal spring. 

He then deposits the sprig of evergreen in the 
grave, exclaiming, " Alas, my Brother! " 



MASTER MASON. 99 

The brethren then move in procession round the 
place of interment, and severally drop the sprig of 
evergreen into the grave ; after which the public 
grand honors are given. (See Appendix.) The 
Master then continues the ceremony in the follow- 
ing words : — 

From time immemorial, it has been the 
custom among the Fraternity of Free and 
Accepted Masons, at the request of a 
brother, to accompany his corpse to the 
place of interment, and there to deposit 
his remains with the usual formalities. 

In conformity to this usage, and at the 
request of our deceased brother, whose 
memory we revere, and whose loss we now 
deplore, we have assembled in the charac- 
ter of Masons, to offer up to his memory, 
before the world, the last tribute of our 
affection ; thereby demonstrating the sin- 
cerity of our past esteem for him, and our 
steady attachment to the principles erf the 
Order. 

The Great Creator having been pleased, 



100 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

out of his infinite mercy, to remove our 
brother from the cares and troubles of 
this transitory existence to a state of end- 
less duration, thus severing another link 
from the fraternal chain that binds us to- 
gether; may we, who survive him, be 
more strongly cemented in the ties of 
union and friendship ; that, during the 
short space allotted us here, we may wise- 
ly and usefully employ our time ; and, in 
the reciprocal intercourse of kind and 
friendly acts, mutually promote the wel- 
fare and happiness of each other. Unto 
the grave we have consigned the body of 
our deceased brother; earth to earth, 
ashes to ashes, dust to dust ; there to re- 
main till the trump shall sound on the 
resurrection morn. We can cheerfully 
leave him in the hands of a Being who 
has done all things well ; who is glorious in 
holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders. 
To those of his immediate relatives and 



MASTER MASON. 101 

friends, who are most heart-stricken at 
the loss we have all sustained, we have 
but little of this world's consolation to 
offer. We can only sincerely, deeply, and 
most affectionately sympathize with them 
in their afflictive bereavement. But, in 
the beautiful spirit of the Christian's 
theology, we dare to say, that He who 
" tempers the wind to the shorn lamb " 
looks down with infinite compassion upon 
the widow and fatherless, in the hour of 
their desolation ; and that the same bene- 
volent Saviour, who wept while on earth, 
will fold the arms of his love and protec- 
tion around those who put their trust in 
Him. 

Then let us improve this solemn warn- 
ing, that at last, when the " sheeted dead " 
are stirring, when the "great white 
throne " is set, we shall receive from the 
Omniscient Judge the thrilling invitation, 
Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit 



102 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

the kingdom prepared for you from the 
foundation of the world. 

The following, or other suitable Ode, may be 
sung : 

(SCOTLAND.) \ 

Thou art gone to the grave ; but we will not de- 
plore thee, 

Though sorrow and darkness encompass the tomb ; 

The Saviour has passed through its portal before 
thee, 

And the lamp of his love is thy guide through the 
gloom. 

Thou art gone to the grave ; we no longer behold 

thee, 
Nor tread the rough paths of the wortd by thy side ; 
But the wide arms of mercy are spread to enfold thee, 
And sinners may hope, since the Saviour hath died. 

Thou art gone to the grave ; and its mansion for- 
saking, 

Perchance thy weak spirit in doubt lingered long ; 

But the sunshine of heaven beamed bright on thy 
waking, 

And the sound thou didst hear was the seraphim's 
song. 



MASTER MASON. 103 

Thou art gone to the grave ; but we will not 

deplore thee ; 
Since God was thy Kansom, thy Guardian and 

Guide ; 
He gave thee, he took thee, and he will restore thee : 
And death has no sting, since the Saviour hath died. 

The service is here concluded with the follow- 
ing, or some suitable 

PRAYER : 

Almighty and most merciful Father, 
we adore thee as the God of time and of 
eternity. As it has pleased thee to take 
from the light of our abode, one dear to 
our hearts, we beseech thee to bless and 
sanctify unto us this dispensation of thy 
providence. Inspire our hearts with wis- 
dom from on high, that we may glorify 
thee in all our ways. May we realize that 
thine All-seeing Eye is upon us, and be 
influenced by the spirit of truth and love 
to perfect obedience — that we may enjoy 
the divine approbation here below. And 



104 PRACTICAL MONITOR. 

when our toils on earth shall have ceased, 
may we be raised to the enjoyment of 
fadeless light and immortal life in that 
kingdom where faith and hope shall end, 
and love and joy prevail through eter- 
nal ages. And thine, O righteous Father, 
shall be the glory forever. Amen. 

The procession then returns in form to the 
place whence it set out, where the necessary- 
duties are complied with, and the business of 
Masonry is renewed. The insignia and ornaments 
of the deceased, if an officer of a lodge, are re- 
turned to the Master, with the usual ceremonies, 
and the Lodge closed in form. 



AJPPENDIX. 

In some G. Jurisdictions the following form is 
used : — 

A Lodge is an assemblage of Masons duly congre- 
gated, having the Holy Bible, Square, and Com- 
passes, and a charter or warrant authorizing them 
to work. 

In conformity with Webb work — A Lodge is a 
certain number of Masons duly assembled, with the 
Holy Bible, Square, and Compasses, and a charter or 
warrant empowering them to work. 

Mass. — A Lodge is a certain number of Masons 
duly assembled, legally constituted, haying the Holy 
Bible, Square, and Compasses, with a charter or 
warrant empowering them to work. 

SOMETIMES SUNG IN PLACE OF SCRIPTURE READ- 
ING IN THE FIRST DEGREE. 

Music — Auld Lang Syne. 

Behold ! how pleasant and how good, 

For brethren such as we, 
Of the " Accepted " brotherhood 

To dwell in unity ! 
Tis like the oil on Aaron's head 

Which to his feet distils ; 
Like Hermon's dew so richly shed 

On Zion's sacred hills ! 



106 APPENDIX, 

For there the Lord of light and love 

A blessing- sent with power ; 
Oh, may we all this blessing prove, 

E'en life for evermore ! 
On Friendship's altar, rising here, 

Our hands now plighted be, 
To live in love, with hearts sincere, 

In 'peace and unity. 

SECOND DEGREE. 

Come, Craftsmen, assemble, our pleasure to share, 
Who walk by the plumb, and who work by the square. 
While trav'ling in love on the level of time, 
Sweet hope shall light on to a far better clime. 

We'll seek, in our labors, the Spirit Divine, 
Our temple to bless, and our hearts to refine ! 
And thus to our altar a tribute we'll bring, 
While, joined in true friendship, our anthem we 
sing. 

See Order and Beauty rise gently to view, 
Each Brother a column, so perfect and true ! 
When Order shall cease, and when temples decay, 
May each, fairer columns, immortal, survey. 



GRAND HONORS. 

The grand honors practiced among Mason?, 
during the burial ceremonies, either in public or 
private, are given in the following manner : Both 
arms are crossed on the breast, the left upper- 
most, and the open palms of the hands striking 
the shoulders; they are then raised above the 
head, the palms striking each other, and then 
made to fall sharply on the thighs, with the 
head bowed. This is repeated three times.* 
While the honors are being given the third time, the 
brethren audibly pronounce the following words 
— when the arms are crossed on the breast: — 
" We cherish his memory here ; " when the hands 
are extended above the head — " We commend his 
spirit to God who gave it ; " and when the hands 
are extended toward the ground — "And consign 
his body to the earth." 

* Webb — each of the honors being accompanied by 
fche words — The will of God is accomplished — Amen. 
So mote it be, audibly pronounced by the Brethren, 



COMPEND 



MASONIC LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE. 



COMPEND OF 

MASONIC LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE. 



Containing a Practical Compend of Masonic Law and 

Jurisprudence, with Rulings and Decisions Of 

the Different Grand Lodges in this 

Country, on all Points and 

Questions. 



BY 

M. WOLCOTT REDDING. 



GENERAL POWERS OF GRAND 
AND SUBORDINATE LODGES. 

The supreme masonic authority in a 
Grand Jurisdiction is vested in its Grand 
Lodge. Its powers are — legislative, ju- 
dicial, and executive. Legislative — it 
has the power of enacting laws and regu- 
lations for the government of the craft, 
and of altering, repealing, and abrogating 
them. Judicial — it has the power of in- 
vestigating, regulating, and deciding all 
matters relative to the craft, or to particu- 
lar lodges, or to individual masons, which 
it may exercise, either of itself, or by such 
delegated authority as it may appoint. 
Executive — it has the power of erasing 
lodges, and expelling brethren from the 
craft, " provided always that the old 

LANDMARKS BE CAREFULLY PRESERVED," 



112 MASONIC LAW AND 



REPRESENTATIVES IN GRAND LODGE. 

A lodge has the right to be represent- 
ed in Grand Lodge by its Master and 
Wardens ; and no Grand Lodge, in our 
opinion, can restrict or interfere with 
that right, it being, as ancient and sacred 
as the law regulating their own existence. 

The Master and Wardens are bound, 
on all questions that come before the 
Grand Lodge, truly to represent their 
lodge, and vote according to its instruc- 
tions.— Macket, P. M. Z., 106. 

PROXIES. * 

Every lodge is entitled to representa- 
tion in its Grand Lodge, and, since 
1718, the Master and Wardens are by 
common consent its legal and proper 
representatives. Should either of them 
be unable to attend, a brother or brothers 
may be appointed in their place, and 



JURISPRUDENCE, 113 

succeed to all the powers and privileges 
of their principal. 

The Master and Wardens of every 
warranted lodge are, of right and inalien- 
ably, representatives in, and members of 
the Grand Lodge ; and, in case they do 
not attend the Grand Lodge, a proxy may 
be appointed by the lodge to represent it 
in the Grand Lodge, who, in such case, 
shall have three votes. — Const. JV. Y. 

A proxy is as much a member, for the 
time being, as would be the principal, if 
present. — 0. "W. Moore, 1848. 

QUORUM IN GRAND LODGE. 

In the absence of any constitutional 
provision, a majority of all the lodges 
under a jurisdiction constitute a quorum 
for business. 

In Connecticut, New Jersey, North 
Carolina, and Nebraska, the representa- 
tives of three lodges are sufficient to con- 



114 MASONIC LAW AND 

stitute a quorum tor business, in JSew 
York, ten lodges are necessary, except on 
occasions of ceremony. 

DISPENSATIONS. 

Granting dispensations is confided to 
the Grand Master, or his representative. 
The dispensing power is confined to four 
circumstances : 1. Empowering a consti- 
tutional number of brethren to open and 
hold a lodge until the next communica- 
tion of the Grand Lodge. 2. Empower- 
ing a lodge to initiate more than five 
candidates at the same communication. 
3. Allowing a brother to belong to more 
than one lodge. 4. Empowering a lodge 
to hold an election for officers at some 
other than the constitutional time. — 
Mackey, Lexicon , 114. 

Formerly it was the prerogative of the 
Grand Master to issue a warrant or char- 
ter for new lodges, at his discretion, but at 



JTJRtSPRUDENCE 115 

esem tlie privilege is restricted to Ins 
granting a letter of "dispensation" to 
certain brethren, to meet as a lodge for a 
specified time, usually until the next suc- 
ceeding annual meeting of the Grand 
Lodge, when they may grant or withhold a 
charter at their discretion. 

The officers do not receive installation 
under a dispensation — Hatch, G. F. G. of 
¥. Y., 1851. 

The brother appointed to fill the office 
of Master may lawfully take the chair 
without any further qualification. He 
cannot be installed. — C. W. Mooke, 1846. 

Officers working under dispensation 
should never be installed, but are author- 
ized to work without. — Stoeee, G. F. G. 
Ct., 1853. 

No election should take place in a lodge 
under dispensation. — 12 eg. III. 

Lodges under dispensation have not 
power to admit members. — Minn., 1857, 



116 MASONIC LAW AND 

None but those recorded in the dispen 
sation are members of a lodge under dis- 
pensation. — Morris, Am. K M., ii., 18. 

Cannot admit members. — Mackey. 

In our opinion, no one can ballot but 
the persons named in the dispensation. — 
King, G. R G of N. Y, 1855. 

A lodge under a dispensation is but a 
temporary and inchoate body, and is not 
entitled to representation in Grand Lodge. 
— Const If. T. 

By courtesy, the petitioners of a lodge 
under dispensation are permitted to take 
seats in Grand Lodge ; but are not per- 
mitted to vote, they not being yet mem- 
bers of that body.— Haswell, G K G 
Vt., 1851. 

Those who work it (a lodge U. D.) do 
not forfeit their membership thereby in 
any other lodge while it so continues ; but 
such membership is thereby suspended. — ■ 
Gonsts. JV. Y. and Mm. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 117 

SURRENDERING A CHARTER. 

A lodge may at any time surrender 
its charter to the Grand Lodge, unless 
seven or more members refuse to give 
their consent. 

The Grand Lodges of New York and 
Missouri (1856) decided that, so long as 
seven members remained opposed to a 
dissolution, a charter could not be sur- 
rendered. 

A motion to surrender a charter cannot 
L come before the lodge without previous 
notice, — C. "W. Moore. 

RESTORATION OF CHARTER. 

If the Grand Master, or the Grand 
Lodge, arrest the charter of a lodge they 
may restore it at their pleasure. But the 
restoration of a charter voluntarily sur- 
rendered, requires a petition from at leasf 
seven of the original members. 



118 MASONIC LAW AND 



PROPERTY OF EXTINCT LODGES. 

The general rule is that, when a lodge 
forfeits or surrenders its charter, all its 
property immediately vests in its Grand 
Lodge. But should the lodge ever be 
resuscitated or reinstated, its property 
should be returned to it. 

The surrender or forfeiture of a war- 
rant, when declared by the Grand Lodge, 
shall be conclusive upon the lodge and 
its members, and carries with it all the 
property of the lodge, which becomes the,- 
property of the Grand Lodge. — Consts. 
JST. Y., Minn. 

TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION. 

The geographical jurisdiction of a lodge 
extends, in every direction, half way to 
the nearest lodge, but not beyond that of 
its own Grand Lodge. — Mackey, U. M, 
Z,., xvii., 335. 



I URISPRUDENCE. 1 1 d 

The territorial jurisdiction o± a, lodge 
extends to a point half way between it 
and the nearest lodge in the same State. — 
Lewis, G. M. of N. T., 1858. 

JURISDICTION CONCURRENT. 

Where two or more lodges are located 
in the same town or city, they hold con- 
current jurisdiction over non-affiliated 
masons, and residents or sojourners who 
are members of some other lodge ; yet it 
would seem proper that the senior lodge 
should take precedence in jurisdiction. 

PENAU JURISDICTION. 

Each lodge has penal jurisdiction over 
all masons residing or sojourning within 
its geographical jurisdiction. Yet, as a 
general rule, such lodge should not pro- 
ceed to trial of the offender until after 
due notice to, and in default of action of 
the lodge to which he belongs. 



120 MASONTC LAW ANL 

OYER ENTERED APPRENTICES AND FELLOW 
CRAFTS. 

A lodge of master masons has entire 
jurisdiction over all the degrees it is 
authorized to confer ; and as it admits 
apprentices and fellow crafts, it may, for 
sufficient cause, expel them. — C. W. 
Moore, 1846. 

number of petitioners for a charter 
or dispensation. 

The petition of seven master masons, 
in good standing, is required in all ex- 
cept the following Grand Jurisdictions, 
viz. : 

In Pennsylvania, a warrant is granted 
on petition oifive or more master masons, 
on the recommendation of at least three 
master masons. 

In Ohio and Nebraska, the petition of 
at least eight master masons is required, 
one of whom must be a Past Master. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 121 

In Connecticut, charters are granted 
on petition oifive or more master masons. 

BEFORE INITIATION. 

It is held, by the best authorities, that 
a lodge is not in general required, nor 
would it be justified, in going behind the 
brother's initiation, to find subjects for 
charges. — Morris, Am. F. M., iii., 129. 

By the concurrent authority of all the 
Grand Lodges in this country, every lodge 
is forbidden to initiate any person whose 
residence is nearer to any other lodge. — 
Mackey, P. M. £., 232. 

No subordinate lodge should confer any 
of the degrees on citizens of another juris- 
diction, without consent of such jurisdic 
lion first obtained. — 'Reg. 111. 

No lodge within this jurisdiction shall 
initiate a person not an inhabitant of this 
State. — Res. Conn.^ 1803. 

It is not legal for a lodge to receive 



122 MASONIC LAW AND 

petitions from applicants in adjoining 
States. — Morris, Am. F M., ii., 15. 

QUORUM FOR BUSINESS INSTALLATION. 

A lodge must be duly constituted be- 
fore it can commence work under its 
charter. Previous to which the petition- 
ers can meet, simply as masons, and not 
as a lodge. 

No lodge is authorized to commence 
work under its charter, until the officers 
thereof have been regularly installed.— 
Consts. Ohio , Indiana, Nebraska. 

After a dispensation has been returned 
to the Grand Lodge, and a charter grant- 
ed, a lodge cannot work until the officers 
are installed. — Morris, Am. F M., iii., 
177. 

No ballot shall be taken for initiation 
or membership, unless there are at least 
seven members of the lodge present.— 
Const, Me, 



JURISPRUDENCE. 123 

No ballot or vote shall be taken on any 
subject unless there are present seven 
members of the lodge. — Const. Mo. 

ELIGIBILITY TO OFFICE. 

No brother can be a Warden until he 
has passed the part of a fellow-craft ; nor 
a Master, until he has acted as a Warden ; 
nor Grand Warden, until he has been 
Master of a lodge. — Ancient Charges, 
IV. 

No member can be Master of a lodge 
unless he has previously been installed, 
and served as an elected Warden for one 
year, except at the institution of a new 
lodge, when no Warden or Past Master is 
found to serve as Master. — Const, of 

jsr. r. 

VOTING. 

For candidates for the degrees for 
membership, elections of officers, and in 



124 MASONIC LAW AND 

masonic trials, the mode is by balls or 
square blocks. On all other questions by 
a show of hands. 

Yoting by ayes and noes is contrary to 
ancient usage. The true masonic mode of 
voting, when ballots are not required, is 
by show of hands.— 6?. M. of JV. JZ, 
1858. 

A two-thirds vote shall be required to 
inflict the penalty of expulsion. — Const. 
Min. 

No one can be indefinitely suspended, 
unless after due trial, and upon at least a 
two-thirds vote of the members present. — 
Mackey, U. M. Z., xvii., 315. 

The usage has obtained, of requiring a 
two-thirds vote to secure a conviction, in 
masonic trials. — Mackey, U. M. Z., xvii., 
324. 

ELECTIONS. 

No election of officers can take place at 
any other time than that prescribed by 



JURISPRUDENCE. 125 

the Grand Constitutions, or by the by- 
laws of the lodge.— C. W. Moore, 1849. 

Lodges are bound to elect their officers 
at the prescribed time ; nor can they 
anticipate or postpone it, unless by dis- 
pensation from the Grand Master. — Mac- 
key, P. M. £., 112. 

MAJORITY NECESSARY TO ELECT. 

The general usage is that a majority 
of all the ballots or votes are sufficient to 
elect to any office in a Grand or Sub- 
ordinate lodge. 

MUST BE INSTALLED. 

JSo officer of the Grand Lodge, or of 
any subordinate lodge, shall act as such 
until he is duly installed. — Const. Vt. 

Officers elect cannot do any business, 
as such, until they are installed. — Hub- 
bard, Ohio, 1853. 

If the present Master is re-elected, he 



126 MASONIC LAW AND 

needs no more installation. Re- instal- 
lation is unnecessary. If one or more 
terms intervene, he must be re-inducted. 
— Gedge, G. M. La., 1852. N. F. 

If re-elected, a re-installation is un- 
necessary and superfluous, though not 
illegal. — Morris, Am. K M., v., 92. 

WHO MAY INSTALL. 

A Past Master should install the Mas- 
ter. A Master has the right to install his 
subordinate officers. 

Any Past Master, if regularly invited, 
may install the officers elect of a lodge, 
whether he be a member of that lodge or 
not.—SwiGERT, G. M. Ky., 1858. 

TENURE OF OFFICE. 

An officer in a Grand or Subordinate 
lodge holds his office until his successor 
is installed. 

The rule of the craft is, that the old 



JURISPRUDENCE. 127 

officer holds on until his successor is in- 
stalled ; and this rule applies to officers of 
every grade. — Mackey, P. M. Z., 104. 

CANNOT RESIGN. 

The principal officers, elected and in- 
stalled, cannot and should not resign. — 
Hubbard, G. M. Ohio, 1851. 

No officer can resign his office after he 
has been installed. — Mackey, P. M. Z., 
120. 

The Master and Wardens of every 
warranted lodge, if installed, cannot 
resign. — Const. JV. Y. 

WHO PRESIDES. 

First — the Master ; in the absence of 
the Master, the Senior Warden ; and, in 
the absence of both, the Junior Warden. 

The Senior or Junior Warden succeeds 
to all the powers and performs all the 
duties of his principal, in his absence, 



128 MASONIC LAW AND 

whether a Past Master is present or not.— 
Morris, Am. K M., ii., 97. 

In case of the death, absence, or inability 
of the Master, or a vacancy in his office, 
the Senior and Junior Wardens will, in 
succession, succeed to his prerogatives 
and duties for all purposes. — Const. JV. Y. 

In the absence of the Master, the 
Senior and Junior Wardens, according to 
rank, shall succeed to the duties of. his sta- 
tion. — Consts. Ohio and Indiana. 

RIGHTS AND AUTHORITY OF THE MASTER. 

' The Master of a particular lodge has 
the right and authority of congregating 
the members of his lodge, at pleasure, 
upon any emergency or occurrence, as 
well as to appoint the time and place of 
their usual forming. — Old Heg., 1720, ii. 
The Master has no power to put off 
the stated monthly communication of 
his lodge. He is bound to support the 



JURISPRUDENCE. 129 

by-laws of his lodge. — C. W. Moore, 
1845. 

The decisions of the Master upon 
questions of masonic law and usage are, 
with respect to his own lodge, absolute. — 
Miss., 1850. 

Within the limits of the ancient charges 
and regulations of the order, the rules 
and constitutions of the Grand Lodge, and 
the by-laws of his lodge, the authority of 
the Master is supreme during his term of 
office. — Heard, Mass., 1856. 

APPEALS FROM THE DECISION OF THE MASTER. 

No appeal to the lodge can be taken 
from the decision of the Master, on the 
Warden occupying the chair in his ab- 
sence. — Consts. N~. Y. and Min. 

ISTo appeal lies from the decision of a 
Master of a subordinate lodge, or his 
Wardens, in the chair, except to Grand 
Lodge.— O. F. am JZ, 1852. 



130 MASONIC LAW AND 

There can be no appeal from the 
decision of the Master, except to the 
Grand Lodge. — Standard By-laws^ 8. C, 
1856. Miss., 1850. 

Appeals from the decision of the Master 
are not in conformity with masonic usage. 
The decision of the Master is final, except 
as to the Grand Lodge, to which body he 
is amenable. — 0. W. Moore, 1850. 

VACANCIES IN OFFICE HOW FILLED. 

On the death, resignation, or removal 
from the commonwealth, of any elective 
Grand officer, the Grand Lodge may be 
convened for the purpose of filling the 
vacancy by election. — Const. Penn. 

In case of the death of the Master and 
Wardens, or their removal from the juris- 
diction, the Grand Master may, by dis- 
pensation, permit a special election, to 
fill their places until the next stated 
election, ^-Ibid. 



J URISPRTTDENCE. 131 

A lodge may fill vacancies in office, ex- 
cept those of Master and Wardens, by bal- 
lot, at any stated communication, upon 
full notice to the members ; but in case 
of vacancy in the office of Master, an 
election can only be held by virtue of a 
dispensation from the Grand Master.— 
Const JV. Y. 

CALLING OFF. 

Adjourning a lodge is irregular. A 
masonic lodge should be closed, or the 
craft should be called from labor to re- 
freshment— G. M. of JT. H., 1850. 

Calling off, from one date to another, 
is clearly not warranted by the usages of 
Masonry, as practiced by the early lodges 
of England, and by the first lodges in this 
country.— C. W. Moore, F.Mag.,idi.,290. 

SPECIAL MEETINGS. 

The general rule is that no business 



132 MASONIC LAW AND 

can be transacted at a special meeting, 
except that for which it was called. 

No petition for initiation, or for mem- 
bership, can be received, nor ballot had 
thereon, at any special communication of 
any lodge, except on dispensation. — Res. 
Me., 1858. 

BY-LAWS, SUSPENSION OF. 

No lodge can suspend the operation of 
a by-law. — C ousts. Me. and Mass. 

It has ever been considered here, as a 
principle of masonic law, that a lodge 
cannot, under any circumstances, dispense 
with, or suspend any portion of, its by- 
laws.— Mackey, S. C., 1855. 

REQUISITE QUALIFICATIONS. 

According to the ancient landmarks 
and general usage, a man to be made a 
mason must be freeborn, twenty-one years 
of age, of good report ; hale and sound. 



J UKISPJKUDENCE. 133 

By the ancient regulations, the physi- 
cal deformity of an individual operates 
as a bar to his admission into the frater- 
nity. But in view of the fact that this 
regulation was adopted for the govern- 
ment of the craft, at a period when they 
united the character of operative with 
that of speculative masons, this Grand 
Lodge, in common, it is believed, with 
most of her sister Grand Lodges in this 
country and in Europe, has authorized 
such a construction of the regulation as 
that, where the deformity does not amount 
to an inability to meet the require- 
ments of the ritual, and honestly to ac- 
quire the means of subsistence, it consti- 
tutes no hindrance to initiation. — Const. 
Mass. 

No individual, physically so deformed 
as to disable him from honestly acquiring 
the means of subsistence, or who may be 
incapacitated to become a useful member 



134 MASONIC LAW AND 

shall be initiated in any lodge. — Const 

jr. a 

RELIGIOUS QUALIFICATIONS. 

It is anti-masonic to require any religi- 
ons test, other than the candidate should 
believe in a God, the Creator and Gov- 
ernor of the universe. — Res. Ala., 1848. 

The religious views of a candidate are 
not to be regarded at all. It is sufficient 
if he believes in the existence and provi- 
dence of God.— C. W. Moore, 1849. 

PETITIONS FOR THE DEGREES 

Must be made in writing, signed by the 
applicant, recommended by one or more 
members of the lodge to which such appli- 
cation is made, and presented at a stated 
meeting. 

A petition to be made a mason, after 
being presented and referred, cannot be 
withdrawn, but must be acted upon by re- 



JURISPRUDENCE. 135 

port of committee and ballot. — Const. 
K Y. 

A petition cannot be withdrawn after 
an unfavorable report. — Morris, Am. F 
M v ii., 3. 

A rejected candidate must present a 
new petition upon a second application 
to be made a mason, his first petition hav- 
ing been rejected ; it being a petition that 
is rejected or accepted, and not a candi- 
date. —Lewis, G. M. of JV. Y, 1858. 

There is no general law relative to the 
time a rejected applicant must wait be- 
fore he can renew his application. The 
more common usage is twelve months. — ■ 
Morris, Am. F M., iv., 92. 

THE BALLOT 

To ballot upon the application of a 

candidate for the degrees or for member- 
's 

I ship, is the right and duty of every mem* 
I ler of the lodge. 



136 MASONIC LAW AND 

This is strictly secret ; it is inviolable ; 
it is without question, except on the 
ground of an unintentional or suspected 
mistake.— Hatch, C. F G. of JV. Y., 
1851. 

We hold the secrecy of the ballot un- 
questionable, and admit of no call for 
reasons.— Hatch, G. F. O. of K Y., 1850. 

No candidate shall be initiated in any 
lodge under this jurisdiction, without a 
clear and unanimous ballot in his favor. 
— Consts. Me. and Mass. 

A candidate can only be accepted by 
the scrutiny of a secret ballot, and an 
unanimous vote. — Const. JV. Y. 

Nor shall an unfavorable ballot in any 
case be reconsidered. — Res. N. JT., 1854. 

An unfavorable ballot for degrees or 
membership cannot be reconsidered. — 
Lewis, G. M of JST. F., 1858. Fuller, 
C. F. C. of Tenn., 1858. 

Where a member was known to have 






.JURISPRUDENCE. 137 

repeatedly blackballed applicants, with- 
out good cause, and for immasonic rea- 
sons , held, that the lodge had the right 
to proceed against, and expel him. — C. 
W. Moore. 

A lodge cannot reconsider the ballot. 
— C. W. Moore, 1849. 

On the ground of mistake, the ballot 
may be passed the second, or even third 
time; but no more than three times. — 
Hatch, C.F C. of N. Z., 1851. 

A Master has the prerogative of order- 
ing a further ballot for a candidate, when 
he knows the result of the first to be un- 
favorable.— Lewis, G.M.ofJF. Z., 1858. 

In any case, the result of the third 
ballot is final ; nor can it be set aside or 
reversed by the action of the Grand Mas- 
ter or Grand Lodge. — Mackey, P. M. X., 
201. 

A mason has the inherent rio^ht to 
deposit his negative on the application oi 



138 MASONIC LAW AND 

a person for initiation in his lodge, as 
well as on an application for membership. 
Of this right no masonic power can de- 
prive him. — C. Moore, Mas. Rev., iii., 
202. 

Every member present shall ballot on 
the application, unless excused by the 
lodge. — € ousts. Mass. and Wis. 

In balloting for a candidate for initia- 
tion, every member is expected to vote. 
No one can be excused from sharing the 
responsibility of admission or rejection, 
except by the unanimous consent of the 
lodge. * * * * — Mackey, Lexicon, 
52. 

WHO CAN BALLOT. 

Only master masons and those who are 
members of the particular lodge to which 
the candidate makes application, have 
the privilege of balloting upon such ap- 
plication. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 139 

No mason under the degree of Mastei 
is entitled to a vote in a subordinate 
lodge.— Res. Ohio, 1823. 

Nor shall any ballot be taken for 
either of the three degrees, except in a 
master mason's lodge. — Const. Conn. 

Visiting brethren have no right to vote 
on the admission of candidates for initia- 
tion. Such a claim is inadmissible. — ■ 
C. W. Moore, 1848. 

No mason can be called to an account 
for the vote which he has deposited. 
The very secrecy of the ballot is intended 
to secure the independence and irrespon- 
sibility to the lodge of the voter. Mac- 
key, P. M. Z., p. 193. 

There is no law in the whole jurispru- 
dence of the institution clearer than this : 
that neither the Grand Lodge nor the 
Grand Master can interfere w r ith the 
decision of the ballot box. — Mackey, 
P. If. Z. 5 208. 



140 MASONIC LAW AND 



RESIDENCE. 

No lodge under the j urisdiction of thia 
Grand Lodge, shall initiate, pass, or raise 
airy candidate from another jurisdiction, 
until he has been a resident within this 
State for twelve months, without the re- 
commendation of the lodge or Grand 
Lodge within whose jurisdiction he last 
previously resided. Provided, that this 
rule shall not be construed to apply to 
applications from sea-faring or military 
men. — lies. New York, 1853. 

PREVIOUS NOTICE. 

One month's previous notice is neces- 
sary before a man can be made a mason, 
except a dispensation be obtained from 
the Grand Master. 

No candidate for initiation shall be 
balloted for until his application has laid 
over for the consideration of the members 



JURISPRUDENCE. 141 

at least four weeks, unless by a dispen- 
sation for that purpose. — Const, N. II 

A candidate must be proposed in open 
lodge, at a stated meeting, and can only 
be accepted at a stated meeting following. 

•Const. N. Y. 

TIME BETWEEN THE DEGREES. 

Nor shall the third degree ever be 
conferred in a less interval than four 
weeks from the time of initiation, except 
by dispensation from the Grand Master 
or his Deputy, nor without proof of pro- 
ficiency before advancement. — Const. 
JV. Y. 

A candidate shall not receive more 
than one degree on one day ; nor a subse- 
quent degree at a less interval than one 
month from his reception of a former de- 
gree, without dispensation from the Grand 
Master. — Const. Penn. 

A ballot for each degree, separately, is 



142 MASONIC LAW AND 

an undeniable right, when demanded.-- 
Const. N. Y. 

Balloting for all the degrees given in 
the lodge at one and the same time, is the 
practice in this commonwealth ; and we 
think it the proper practice, as it certainly 
is the oldest we have in this country. — 
0. W. Moore. 

PROFICIENCY. 

The masonic ritnal requires that candi- 
dates for advancement should have made 
"suitable proficiency in the preceding 
degrees." 

Before a subordinate lodge advances a 
candidate from one degree to a higher 
degree, the Master of the lodge shall be 
satisfied that the candidate has made suit- 
able proficiency in the preceding degree. 
—Res. N. Y., 1857. 

OBJECTIONS. 

A member of the lodge has the Tight 



JURISPRUDENCE. 143 

to object to the admission of a candidate, 
at any time before the O. B. ; and such 
objection is sufficient to bar the progress 
of the candidate. 

Any member of a subordinate lodge 
may object to the initiation, passing, or 
raising of a candidate, at any time before 
the degree is conferred ; and it shall be 
the dutv of the lodge to investigate such 
objections before proceeding further with 
the candidate. — Const. Mass. 

It is a settled principle in Masonry, that 
one black ball rejects without a question, 
except a second ballot may be called, to 
be satisfied of no mistake. — Com. Mel., 
1849. 

Any member may object to the initia- 
tion, passing, or raising a candidate, at 
any time before the degree is conferred. — 
Reg. Term., 1857. 

It is a violation of the Constitutions of 
Masonry to call upon a brother to state 



144 MASONIC LAW AND 

his reasons for casting a black ball. — 
Iowa, 1849. 

A ballot should be had in all cases, 
whatever the report of the committee may 
be. The candidate cannot be recorded as 
rejected until the ballot is cast, and the 
result officially declared. It is the busi- 
ness of the committee to investigate ; it 
is for the lodge to decide. — 0. Moore, 
Mas. Rev., xiii., 304. 

REJECTED APPLICANTS FOR ADVANCEMENT. 

We cannot admit that the rejection of 
an application for advancement implies 
masonic censure. Nor does it deprive 
him of any privilege to which, as a mason, 
he was before entitled. — C. W. Moore, 
1848. 

Rejecting candidates in chapter or en- 
campment does not necessarily imply mo- 
ral turpitude or criminal delinquency. — 
C. W. Moore. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 145 

Rejecting an application for advance- 
ment is not necessarily a stigma upon the 
character of an applicant; nor is his 
standing or rights at all affected. — Mack- 
ey, P. M. Z., 242. 

HOW MANY MAY BE MADE AT ONE MEETING-. 

According to the General Regulations 
of 1720 no more than five new brethren 
shall be made at one time. 

A lodge has power to make but five 
new brethren at the same time. — Consts. 
JV. Y. and Min. 

It is in accordance with correct usage 
to initiate or craft more than one candi- 
date at the same time ; but I recommend 
much caution in the exercise of such 
right. — Hubbard, Ohio, 1852. 

It is unmasonic to confer degrees upon 
more than one candidate at the same 
time. — Clark, G. M. Conn., 1854. 

It shall not be regular to give more 



146 MASONIC LAW AND 






than one degree to the same indi vidua 
on the same day, unless a dispensation 
shall have been obtained therefor. — G. L. 
J/ ass. 

This Grand Lodge prohibits its subor- 
dinates conferring more than one degree 
upon the same candidate at one and the 
same communication. — lies. Conn., 1858. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

A candidate for the degrees must make 
application to the nearest lodge, but 
having received them, he may join any 
lodge that will receive him. 

A master mason is not restricted in his 
privilege of application for membership 
within any geographical limits. He has 
the right of applying for membership to 
any lodge that he may select. — Mackey, 
P. M. Z., 250. 

No brother shall be a member of more 
than one lodo;e at the same time. — Const. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 147 

i\T F: ? 1822. Const. Mo., 1846. Const 
Mass., 1792. 

It is a well-settled rule, that a mason 
cannot be a member of two lodges at one 
and the same time. — 0. Moore, and Ohio, 
1848. 

DIMITTING. 

A dimit having been voted, neither 
the Master nor Secretary can refuse to 
deliver the brother a certificate of the 
same, if he requests it. Still the act of 
the lodge severs the membership — not the 
issuing of the certificate ; the certi- 
ficate being only evidence of the dimis- 
sion. 

The Grand Lodges of Wisconsin and 
Mississippi (1854) allow a dimit as a 
matter of right to a brother in good 
standing, who has paid his dues. 

Your committee are inclined to sub- 
scribe to the opinion, that every membei 



148 MASONIC LAW ATsTD 

has the right to dimit without giving any 
reason ; and, when requested, it is the 
duty of the lodge to grant the request. — 
C. F C. of N.H., 1858. 

I cannot deny to any man the right of 
withdrawing whensoever he pleases, from 
a voluntary association. The laws of the 
land would not sustain us in the enforce- 
ment of such a regulation, and our own 
self-respect should prevent us from at- 
tempting it. — Mackey. 

REMOVAL. 

The removal of a brother into another 
jurisdiction does not, of itself, authorize 
his name to be stricken from the roll of 
the lodge of w^hich he is a member. — 
Consts. Mass. and Me. 

Mere removal, or change of residence, 
does not forfeit or destioy the member- 
ship of a brother ; but it ceases only by 
dimitting, expulsion, or death - 0. F O 
of R> Z, 1850. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 149 

NON-AFFILIATED MASONS. 

A non-affiliated mason is one who has 
.been dimitted from his lodge. Suck 
brethren are subject to the lodge in whose 
jurisdiction they reside. They cannot 
claim any of the benefits or privileges of 
the lodge organization ; but are entitled, 
and subject, to all the rights and privi- 
leges, claims and duties, belonging to 
them as individual members of the fra- 
ternity. 

RIGHT OF VISITING. 

The right to visit, masonically, is an 
absolute right, but may be forfeited or 
limited by particular regulations. — Const. 
JV. Y. 

The right to visit masonically is an ab- 
solute right and duty of masons. — Const. 
Min. 

Every master mason, who is an affili- 
ated member of a lodge, has the right tc 



150 MASONIC LAW AND 

visit any other lodge as often as he maj 
desire to do so. — Mackey, P. M. Z., 257. 

No member of another lodge, or noil 
affiliated mason, has a right to visit a 
lodge, if any member of that lodge who 
is then present shall object to it. — C. 
Moore, Mas. Rev., x., 364. 

It is the right of a brother, in good 
standing, to visit all regular lodges ; but 
it is also the right of a lodge to refuse 
such visit, if, in their opinion, their peace 
and harmony may be disturbed. — JV. Y., 
1858. 

EXAMINATION OF VISITORS. 

A brother must have sat in open lodge 
with another, before he can properly 
avouch for him. — Smith, G. M. Ark., 
1856. 

If a positive rule is to be ]aid down, it 
would be better to say, that no visitor 
shall be admitted into a lodge, except 



JURISPRUDENCE. 151 

with the avouchment of a well-known 
and skilful mason, or upon examination 
by a committee. — Mackey, S. C, 1856. 

MASONIC OFFENCES. 

INTEMPERANCE, PROFANITY, DUELLING, SLAN- 
DER, AND GAMBLING. 

A brother is amenable to discipline, 
for the above offences, and, if found guilty, 
may be punished, even to expulsion from 
the order. 

Retail traffic in intoxicating drinks is 
demoralizing in its tendency, opposed to 
the principles of the order, and incon- 
sistent with the masonic character. — Ala., 
1856. 

For engaging in traffic in intoxicating 
liquors, liable to strict discipline. — lies. 
Oregon, 1857. 

Lodges are recommended to use their 
utmost influence to suppress the use of 



152 MASONIC LAW AND 

ardent spirits by members of the frater- 
nity, and others. — Res. Ltd., 1828, 

Lodges may reprimand, suspend, or ex- 
pel, for intemperance, profanity, or gam- 
bling.— Res. Ill, 1857. Res. Ark., 1856 
High offences in Masonry. Deserve se- 
vere discipline. — Or. Chap. JV. Y., 1854. 

PAYMENT OF DUES. 

A member may be suspended but not 
expelled for non-payment of dues. 

Expulsion for non-payment of dues is 
unauthorized by usage, or the general 
laws of the craft. An unjust practice. — 
C. W. Moore. 

Any lodge shall have the right to re- 
mit to indigent members all dues what 
ever. — Reg. III. 

MASONIC TEIALS 

Genera] rules governing subordinate 
lodges, in conducting masonic trials,— 



JURISPRUDENCE. 153 

which may be classed as follows : — 
Charges ; Service of notice ; Examination ; 
Testimony ; Judgment ; Punishment ; 
Appeals ; Restoration. 

All charges must be made in writing, 
signed by the accuser, delivered to the 
Secretary, and read by him at the next 
regular communication of the lod^e. — 
Const. S. C. 

Such brother shall be furnished in wri- 
ting with a copy of the charges against 
him. — Reg. Tenn. 

ISTo brother of this lodo;e shall be sus- 
pended or expelled from membership, 
unless charges be preferred, duly specify- 
ing his offence, presented by a brother in 
good standing, and the accused being 
allowed full opportunity to make his de- 
fence. — Standard By-laws of N. Y., 
1858. 

It is desirable that charges be preferred 
by a member, rather than by the Master ; 



154 MASONIC LAW AND 

though, in certain cases it may be the 
duty of the latter to do so. — C. W". Moore, 
1848. 

Charges for unmasonic conduct must 
be accompanied with specifications, 01 
there can be no trial. — Swigert, G. M. 
Ky., 1855. 

Charges against a brother do not, be- 
fore trial, render him ineligible to office, 
or suspend him from office, he being enti- 
tled to the presumption of innocence till 
the charges be proved. — Lewis, G. M. of 
m Y., 1858. 

SERVICE of notice. 

The Secretary of the lodge, under the 
direction of the Master, shall serve, or 
cause the accused to be served, with an 
attested copy of the charges, and shall 
give him seasonable notice of the time 
and place of hearing, if his residence be 
known. — Oonsts. Me. and R. I. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 155 

A brother who is under charges can 
bring charges against his accuser, if the 
lodge choose to receive them. — Morris, 
Am. F. M., iii., 33. 

Such brother shall be duly notified, and 
furnished, in writing, with a copy of the 
charges against him. * * ** Due notice 
shall be given, as far as practicable, to all 
the members of the lodge, of the time 
and objects of said meeting. — Reg. Tenn. 

The testimony of uninitiated witnesses 
may be taken in the ante-room, before a 
committee, or in any other convenient 
place.— C. W. Moore. 

The lodge should be opened in the 
highest degree to which the accused has 
attained ; the accused and accuser should 
be present (if the latter be a mason), and 
also be present at all examinations of 
witnesses. — Mackey, U. M. Z., xvii., 323. 



156 MASONIC LAW A "NT) 

TESTIMONY. 

The accused may select any brother for 
his counsel, and the witnesses shall testify, 
if masons, on their honor as such. Hear- 
say evidence shall be excluded. — Consts. 
Me., Vt., Mass., R. 1., Wis., Mo., Gal., 
and Kansas. 

The testimony of a person who is not a 
mason, is generally admissible. Such 
testimony is always to be taken by a com- 
mittee, and on oath administered by a 
competent legal officer. — Mackey, U. M. 
L., xvii., 328. 

Any testimony that would convict a 
mason of immoral conduct is lawful tes- 
timony.— Morris, Am. F. M., v., 100. 

JUDGMENT. 

The question: "Ts the accused guilty, 
or not guilty ? " shall be distinctly put to 
each member of the lodge, by name, -com- 
mencing with the youngest. The Secre 



JURISPRUDENCE. 157 

tary shall record the answer as given. — 
Const. Me. 

To the above, the Constitutions of 
Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Rhode Island 
and California, add : " the answer shall 
be given standing, and in a distinct and 
audible voice." 

It is proper that all matters in mitiga- 
tion of punishment should be heard after 
the verdict. — C. W. Moore. 

If the verdict is " guilty," the presiding 
officer must put the question as to the 
nature and amount of punishment. He 
will commence with expulsion, and, if 
necessary, proceed to propose indefinite, 
and then definite suspension, exclusion, 
public or private reprimand, and censure. 
— Mackey, U. M. Z., xvii., 324. 

appeal from sentence. 
Any brother who may feel aggrieved 
by the decision of any lodge, or other 



158 MASONIC LAW AND 

masonic authority, in this jurisdiction, 
may appeal therefrom to the Grand 
Lodge, which appeal shall be in writing, 
specifying particularly the grievance com- 
plained of. — Const. Vt. 

Any brother who may feel aggrieved 
by the decision of any lodge, or other 
masonic authority, acting under this 
jurisdiction, may appeal to the Grand 
Lodge against such decision. — Const. 
Mass. 

The right of appeal to the Grand 
Lodge, from the decision of the subordi- 
nate lodge, in cases of discipline, is guar- 
anteed to every mason, by the ancient 
usages and laws of the fraternity ; and 
this right supposes the existence of a 
power in the Grand Lodge to confirm, 
modify, or reverse the decision of the 
subordinate. — 0. W. Moore, 1851. 

Which appeal shall be in writing, 
specifying particularly the grievance com- 



JURISPRUDENCE. 159 

plained of, and shall be, by the appellant, 
sent by mail to the Grand Secretary. — 
Const s. Vermont and Mass* 

In Ohio, Indiana, and Nebraska, one 
year is allowed in which to take an appeal 
to Grand Lodge. 

In Vermont, Florida, and Oalifor 
nia, the appeal must be taken to the next 
Annual Communication of Grand Lodge. 

In New York, Maryland, Mississippi, 
and Minnesota, an appeal must be taken 
within six months after sentence. 

PENALTIES. 

The penalties imposed by masonic law, 
are fines, reprimand, suspension, and ex- 
pulsion. 



* This Grand Constitution adds to the above : 
11 A notice and copy of the appeal must also, and 
at the same time, be sent by the appellant to the 
party against whose decision the appeal is made." 



160 MASONIC LAW AND 

FINES. 

It is contrary to the principles of Free 
masonry, to inflict pecuniary fines for 
non-attendance. — Mackey, Lexicon, 15. 

Fines and pecuniary punishments, in 
Masonry, are illegal. — Morris, Aon. F. 
M., ii., 170. Fines are unmasonic. — Lb., 
iii., 168. 

REPRIMAND. 

A reprimand is the mildest masonic 
penalty except that of a fine. It is ad- 
ministered for light offences, and where 
suspension would be too severe. It may 
be private — where no one is present, ex- 
cept the Master and the offending brother, 
or in the presence of the whole lodge, and 
it may be administered by a majority 
Tote, without a formal trial. 

SUSPENSION OF MEMBERSHIP. 

Although this deprives the suspended 



JURISPRUDENCE. 161 

brother of all his rights and privileges in 
the lodge suspending him, yet it does not 
affect his general standing otherwise, or 
right of visiting the suspending lodge. 

DEFINITE SUSPENSION. 

The brother returns to his former rights 
and privileges at the expiration of the 
time for which he was suspended. 

INDEFINITE SUSPENSION 

Places a brother in the same position, 
for the time being, as an expelled mason. 
He can only be reinstated by the lodge 
which suspended him. 

A limited suspension is a different 
thing ; then the person suspended be- 
comes restored on the expiration of his 
sentence, without any action on the part 
of the lodge, or the body inflicting the 
punishment. This principle, we believe, 
is recognized by all who are entitled to be 
regarded as authority, and it is based up- 



1G2 MASONIC LAW AND 

on the fact, tliat the offending brother has 
paid the penalty of his delinquency. — 
King, O. F O. of N. Y., 1853. 

Striking name from the roll of mem- 
bers, does not affect standing, nor debar 
from any privilege, except membership in 
the particular lodge. — G. M. La., 1858. 

A sentence of suspension can be recon- 
sidered at any time, by the proper author- 
ity.— Mojrkis, Am. F. 3L, iii., 82. 

Suspension from the lodge does not 
abrogate the connection between the 
member and his lodge, but places his 
rights in abeyance only. — Mackey, U. M. 
Z., xvii., 311. 

Suspension from the rights and benefits 
of masonry includes also a suspension 
from the payment of arrears. — Mackey, 
U. M. Z., xvii., 315. 

EXPULSION. 

An expelled mason is divested of his 



JURISPRUDENCE. 163 

rights and privileges as a mason; and his 
family also cease to have any claim upon 
masonic charity. A person in this situ- 
ation can only be restored by the Grand 
Lodge, with the consent of the lodge which 
expelled him. 

A sentence of expulsion takes effect 
when it is confirmed by the Grand Lodge, 
and operates as a suspension in the mean- 
time. 

We doubt whether a lodge can expel 
forever ; that is, so expel that he can 
never be restored. — C. M oore, Mas. Rev., 
xiv., 115. 

The only proper tribunal to impose 
this heavy punishment, is a Grand Lodge. 
The sentence of the subordinate lodge is 
of no force until its Grand Lodge has 
confirmed it. — Mackey, Lexicon, 145. 

A lodge cannot expel a suspended ma- 
son without first reinstating him. — Mor- 
ris, Am. F. M., ii.j 178. 



164 MASONIC LAW AND 

No lodge under this jurisdiction, 1101 
any member thereof, shall publish, or in 
any way make known, except to the fra- 
ternity, or within the lodge, the expulsion 
of a member, further than to state verbally 
the fact of expulsion, whenever the in- 
terest of masonry may seem to demand 
it— Res. iY. II, 1820. 

When a member of a lodge has been 
tried upon charges preferred against 
him, and has been found guilty, and 
suspended or expelled by a vote of his 
lodge, from that time his right to ma- 
sonic intercourse ceases; the judgment 
of the lodge remains in full force and 
effect, until reversed on appeal. — J¥. Y., 
1857. 

Suspension or expulsion from a chap 
ter, or encampment, does not disturb 
membership in the lodge. 

I understand the masonic law to be, 
that a chapter has not the power to sus- 



JURISPRUDENCE. 165 

pend a member from the privileges of the 
lodge. — Hubbard, Ohio, 1851. 

No business can be done at special 
meetings, save that specific business foi 
which the lodge was called, or adjourned. 
— C. Moore, Mas. Rev., viii., 368. 

No business shall be transacted by such 
special meeting but that for which it was 
called. — Standard Bydavjs, N. Y., 1858. 

EMERGENCIES. 

The acting Grand Master is sole judge 
of what constitutes a case of emergency ; 
but in some jurisdictions the power is 
granted to other Grand officers. 

According to the Constitution of Ne- 
braska, three-fourths of the members 
present may decide any application to 
be a case of emergency. 

Cases of emergency, warranting haste 
in acting on a petition for initiation, must 
be real, not imaginary. There must be a 



166 MASONIC LAW AND 

necessity for immediate action. — ArJc^ 
1855. 

BUSINESS. 

The general rule is, that all business 
of masonry, except conferring the first 
two degrees, must be transacted while 
the lodge is opened on the third degree. 

Elections, and all other business and 
work, are done in a master mason's lodge, 
excepting only such business or work as 
shall strictly belong to the lesser degrees. 
— Const. Penn. 

All business of a lodge must be trans- 
acted in the master's degree, for the 
reasons, that none below that degree have 
a right to know what is done in a mas- 
ter's lodge ; and members of a lodge, 
that is, master masons, can only partici- 
pate in its business. — Lewis, G. M. of 
If. Y., 1858. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 167 

CLANDESTINE LODGES — IRREGULAR WORK. 

A body of masons, or pretended 01 
clandestine masons, meeting as a lodge, 
without a legal warrant or dispensation, 
is termed a "clandestine" lodge; and 
work done by them is termed " clandes- 
tine work." A regular mason visiting, or 
holding masonic communication with such 
body or its members, or initiates, subjects 
himself to the severest penalties. 

Any lodge may do irregular work, but 
none but a clandestine lodge (that is, one 
having no legal charter), can do clandes- 
tine work. — Morris, Am. F. M., iii., 124. 

THE CHARTER PRESENCE OF IN THE LODGE. 

The Master of a lodge has the special 
charge of its charter, and it is his duty to 
see that it is carefully preserved. It 
must be present when the lodge is open* 
ed — Consts. Me. and If ass. 



168 MASONIC LAW AND 

I do not believe that the charter ia 
the authority, but merely the evidence 
of vested authority, and its presence is 
not indispensable. — Gray, Miss. Acacia, 

1855. 

ABRIDGMENT OF THE RITUAL. 

A lodge has no right to abridge or omit 
any part of the Ritual belonging to any 
of the degrees, when conferring them 
upon a candidate. The candidate having 
complied with all the obligations and 
forms required of him, is entitled to re- 
ceive the whole of the Ritual, and it is 
masonically and grossly unjust to deprive 
him of any part thereof. A lodge, having 
undertaken to confer a degree, is bound 
to complete it in a workmanlike manner. 

Every word of every degree should be 
given to the candidate, and that, too, at 
the time he takes the degrees. — Morris, 
Am. F. M. y ii., 131. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 109 

In conferring the degrees, the lectures 
appertaining thereto shall indispensably 
be delivered ; and it shall be considered 
irregular, in the opening or closing of a 
lodge, to waive any portion of the cere- 
monies. — Const, N. C 

MASONIC PROCESSIONS. 

The general rule in regard to subordi- 
nate lodges, is, that no procession can be 
had * without a special dispensation there- 
for, from the Grand Master, or one of 
the principal Grand officers. 

No lodge shall form a public procession 
(funeral processions excepted), without 
permission from one <of the first four 
Grand officers, or the Disrict Deputy 
Grand Master within whose district it is 
located. — Const. Me. 

No lodge shall form a public proces- 

* Funeral procession excepted. 



170 MASONIC LAW AND 

sion, without permission from the Grand 
Master (or, in his absence, the Deputy 
Grand Master), or the District Deputy 
Grand Master within whose district it is 
located. — Const. Mass. 

WHO MAY JOIN IN A MASONIC PROCESSION. 

Master masons only can join in a ma- 
sonic burial procession. Entered ap- 
prentices and fellow crafts may join in 
processions on festival occasions, laying 
corner stones, &c. 

None but master masons can be allowed 
to walk in funeral processions as masons. 
— C. W. Moore, 1845. 

In the processions for dedications, and 
laying corner stones, entered apprentices 
and fellow crafts may be present and take 
the place assigned them ; but as none 
but master masons can be buried with 
masonic honors, so none but master masons 
can be permitted to join the procession. — 
Haswell, G. F. C. Vt. y 1849. 



JTBISPRUDEXCE. 171 

Kon-affiliated masons cannot join in 
masonic processions. — Mackey, U. M. Z. 5 

xviii., 295. 

COXCEBNENG LODGE BECOEDS. 

It is the duty of the Secretary to record 
the truth, and of the lodge to see that 
the record conforms to the truth. 

The signature of the Master is not 
necessary to give validity to the proceed- 
ings of the lodge. The approval of the 
lodge, and the signature of the Secretary, 
make the records complete. — 0. W. 
Moobe, 1846. 

The names of all the officers, members, 
and visitors, should be given at length at 
called or stated meetings. — Iowa, 1851. 

The lodge has no right to change its 
minutes after once regularly approving 
them. — Moebis, Am. K J/"., iii. ; 65. 



172 MASONIC LAW AND 

GRAND LODGE CERTIFICATES. 

Iii some jurisdictions they are required 
of every visitor not known to the lodge 
to be a worthy brother; in others, they 
are only required of those hailing from 
fort !<jn jurisdictions ; and in others, they 
are seldom required. 

Ordered, That no mason be admitted 
to any subordinate lodge, under the juris- 
diction of this Grand Lodge, or receive 
the charities of any lodge, unless he shall, 
on such application, exhibit a Grand 
Lodge certificate, duly attested by the 
proper authorities, except lie is known to 
the lodge to he a worthy brother. — N. Y., 
1843. The proper stand. — Mackey, Lex- 
icon, 78. 

The certificate is, by no means, intended 
to act as a voucher for the bearer, nor can 
it be allowed to supersede the necessity 
of a strict examination. — Mackey, Lex 
icon, 78. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 173 

A. diploma is a mere certificate, of- 
ficially issued by the lodge, that A. B. has 
regularly received the several degrees, 
and is, at the date of the certificate, a 
worthy member of the lodge. — C. Moore, 
Mas. Rev., xiv., 116. 

THE DEGREE OF PAST MASTER. 

A master must receive the honorary 
degree of Past Master before installation. 
—Lewis, O. M., JST. T., 1858. 

The Past Master's degree is not neces- 
sary to qualify a Master to preside. — 
Mich., 1855. 

CONFERRING DEGREES, WITHOUT FEE. 

A lodge has not the right to receive 
members free of dues, except they be in 
indigent circumstances — if the by-laws 
prescribe payment of dues. — Hubbard, 
Ohio, 1851. 

Clergymen approbated by competent 



174 MASONIC LAW AND 

authority to preach the gospel, may be 
initiated, crafted, and raised, without any 
fee whatever.— Comt Me., 1820. 

Voted, That the fees payable to the 
Grand Lodge, on the initiation of or- 
dained and permanently settled clergy- 
men, be in future remitted. — Mass., 
1812. 

mason's widow and orphans. 

Upon the death of any master mason, 
in good standing, and a member of any 
lodge under this jurisdiction, such lodge 
shall furnish to the widow and orphans 
of the deceased a certificate of his mem- 
bership, standing, and death, under seal, 
without any charge therefor. — Reg. Ark. 

Lodges are required to furnish the 
widow or the orphans of each deceased 
brother master mason who was in good 
standing, with a certificate of such broth- 
er's standing, at his death. — Res. 111., 
1847. Res. Tenn., 1853. Texas, 1849. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 1 75 



ITINERANT MASONIC LECTURERS. 

The Grand Lodge deems it improper 
and unmasonic for the subordinate lodges 
to permit any itinerant masonic lecturer 
to visit their lodges for the purpose of 
lecturing. — lieg. Miss. 

Kb lodge shall encourage, promote, or 
permit, the delivery of any masonic lec- 
tures, which have not been sanctioned 
and authorized by the Grand Lodge. 
Kor shall any mason be permitted to de- 
liver such lectures under this jurisdiction. 
— Consts. Mass., Maine, R. Z, and Wis. 

SUMMONS. 

Every mason is bound to obey the 
summons of a lodge of master masons, 
whether he be a member or otherwise. 
The obligation is general. — C. W. Moore, 
K Mag., i., 36. 

The refusal to obev the lod^e summons 



176 MASONIC LAW AND 

is an offence in Masonry, which demands 
stringent discipline. — Swigert, G. If. 
K>j., 1858. 

AFFIRMATION. 

The committee, to whom was referred 

the question, whether the masonic degrees 
can be conferred on affirmation, without 
oath, reported : that it would not violate 
any masonic principle, or remove any 
landmark, to confer the degrees on affir- 
mation. {Report Accepted]. — Me. y 1823. 
— Res. of Vt. 

SEAL. 

No document issued over the signature 
of the Secretary is valid without a seal. 
—Morris, Am. F. M., ii., 66. 

RECONSIDERING PROCEEDINGS. 

Proper notice having been given, a 
motion to reconsider, ordinary business, 
(except balloting) at the ensuing meeting, 



JURISPRUDENCE. 177 

* would generally be in order. — C. W 
Moore. 



FEOM NEW YOKK MASONIC 
CODE. 

RELATIVE TO INTEMPERANCE. 

Resolved, That it is the duty of all 
subordinate lodges under this jurisdiction 
to restrain intemperance among their 
members, if there be any guilty of this 
practice, and to correct the evils thereof 
to the extent of their authority.— Pages 
173 and 175—1854. 

Resolved^ That this Grand Lodge 
ought not to exercise original jurisdiction 
to try a member of a subordinate lodge 
which is in good standing, and which is 
not acting in hostility to the Order, con- 
stitution or jurisdiction of this Grand 
Lodge, for any Masonic offence other 
than offences against this Gaand Lodge, 



178 MASONIC LAW AND 

when such member is subject to trial by 
the subordinate lodge to which he be- 
longs.— Page 189—1854. 

That where more than one lodge is 
situated in the same city or village, their 
jurisdiction is concurrent in all respects 
in said eitv or village. — Pages 28 and 256 
— 1S59. 

DUE PROFICIENCY REQUIRED TO BE MADE. 

Resolved^ That no candidate shall be 
passed to the degree of Fellow- Craft, or 
raised to the degree of Master Mason in 
any subordinate lodge under the juris- 
diction of this Grand Lodge, without 
proof of proficiency in the preceding 
degree, which shall be ascertained by ex- 
amination of a competent Committee, to 
be appointed by the W. Master, or ex- 
amination in open lodge. — Page 153 — 
1856. 

Resolved, That before a candidate in a 



JURISPRUDENCE. 179 

subordinate lodge advances from one de- 
gree to a higher degree, the W. M. of the 
lodge shall be satisfied that the candidate 
has made suitable proficiency in the pre- 
ceding degree. — Page 173—1857. 

WORK AND LECTURES. 

That it is the duty of lodges to adopt 
and practice the standard work and lec- 
tures of this Grand Lodge, and a refusal 
so to do subjects them to discipline ; and 
while the Grand Master may not deem it 
advisable to take official cognizance of 
mere remissness in this regard, yet where 
a lodge, already proficient in the stan- 
dard work, substitutes another system,* 
there can be no excuse for such defiance 
of Grand Lodge authority, and it will not 
be disregarded. — Pages 26 and 164 — 
1864. 

No application for a warrant shall be 
entertained by this Grand Lodge unless 
* Which is not the standard work. 



180 MASONIC LAW AND 

the same shall be accompanied by the 
certificate of the Grand Lecturer or his 
Assistant that the several officers named 
in such application are in possession of 
the work and lectures adopted by this 
Grand Lodge, and are competent to prac- 
tice and impart the same. — Page 73 — 
1865. 

RELATIVE TO NON-AFFILIATED MASONS. 

If a non-affiliated Mason apply for 
affiliation at a regular meeting, and the 
petition is received, referred to a Com- 
mittee, and reported upon favorably, and 
he is elected at a subsequent regular 
meeting by a unanimous ballot, he there- 
by becomes a member of the lodge, and 
no re-ballot can be taken to deprive him 
of his membership at a future meeting. 
The law which gives the right to re-ballot 
applies to petitioners for the degrees, and 
not for affiliation. Constitutions, section 
8, rule 14.— Pages 36 and 207—1862. 



JURISPRUDENCE. 181 

In the case of an application for mem- 
bership of a non-affiliated Mason who has 
been rejected, there is no law forbidding 
him to renew the same at the next or any 
other regular meeting. — Pages 36 and 206 
—186i'. 

A brother has a right to affiliate with 
any lodge he thinks proper, and is not 
restricted to the lodge in whose jurisdic- 
tion he resides. — Pages 36 and 206 — 
1862. 

That although an unaffiliated Mason 
has no claim upon the Fraternity for re- 
lief or Masonic burial, yet a lodge may 
grant either, or both, to those otherwise 
worthy. It is only unworthy, suspended 
or expelled Masons that are forbidden 
these privileges by section 51 of the Con- 
stitution.— Pages 26 and 164—1864. 

That an officer to whom charges are 
preferred is not obliged to appoint Com- 
missioners, but may, in his discretion, dis- 



182 MASONIC tAW, ETC. 

miss them, if, upon their face, they are 
clearly frivolous, or would not constitute 
an offence if proven. — Pages 24 and 194 

—1865. 

RELATIVE TO AFFILIATION. 

That a brother cannot be received as 
an affiliating member of a lodge unless 
he produces his dimit, or shows sufficient. 
cause for its non-production. — Pages 18 
and 173—1863. 

LAWFUL MASONIC INFORMATION. 

Sitting in open lodge with a brother, 
or avouchment by a brother who has done 
so, or through personal examination, 
either constitutes " lawful Masonic infor- 
mation."— Pages 34 and 206—1862. 

Any member of the lodge neglecting or 
refusing to pay his dues for one year, may 
be stricken from the roll thereof, by a 
vote of the lodge, at a stated meeting. — 
Standard By-taws N. Y., 1858. 



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Lambskin Aprons, trimmed with bine 

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Six or more at an. order, — each. ... 2.35 

Lambskin Aprons, with Jewel of 
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CHAPTER. 



APRONS. 

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Lambskin Aprons, trimmed with red 

silk,— single 3.00 

Six or more at an order, — each. . . . 2.50 

Lambskin Dress Aprons — very rich. .. 5.00 

Six or more at an order, — each 4.50 



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Officers' Collars, Royal Arch ribbon, 

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ROBES. 

9 Officers' Dresses with Mitre, Crown, 

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Gauntlets, " " , 4.00 to 5.00 

Cuffs, " " 3.00 

Buff Lisle Thread Gloves 50 and .75 

Sword, metal Scabbard 8. 50 to 50. 00 

Belt with Chain Hanger 4.50 to 8.00 

Leather Sword Case 3.00 

Valise for Chapeau, &c 4.00 to 12.00 

Shoulder Straps, embroidered 5.50 to 8.00 

" , " metal 3.50 

Prelates' Robes, Crozier and Cross. . 40.00 to 60.00 
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pins) 60.00 to 75.00 

Relics 20.00 

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kt Goblets " 18.00 

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1 <i« b» *— 

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